Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis zoo yog qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv tsis hloov pauv uas tsis hloov pauv cov amino acid ib ntu ntawm cov protein, thaum tsis muaj kev hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv tseem ceeb uas hloov pauv cov amino acid sib lawv liag. protein ntau thiab raug xaiv los ntawm ntuj tsim.
Kev hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ib ntu ntawm cov noob lossis cov genome ntawm cov kab mob. Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv caj ces nqa los ntawm cov noob. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm cov proteins uas nkag los ntawm cov noob. Muaj ntau hom kev hloov pauv, suav nrog kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, hloov pauv hloov pauv, tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv thiab tsis nco qab hloov pauv. Kev hloov pauv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv ntuj thiab hloov pauv. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv tsis hloov qhov kev qhia ntawm cov noob thiab cov khoom lag luam protein. Lawv hu ua synonymous mutations. Synonymous mutations yog evolutionary nruab nrab. Lwm yam kev hloov pauv hloov cov noob thiab hloov pauv hauv cov khoom lag luam protein. Cov kev hloov pauv no hu ua nonsynonymous mutations. Cov kev hloov pauv uas tsis muaj npe tau raug xaiv los ntawm ntuj tsim, thiab lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv.
Dab tsi yog Synonymous Mutation?
Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv yog hom kev hloov pauv ntsiag to uas tsis hloov pauv cov amino acid ib ntu ntawm cov khoom lag luam protein. Yog li ntawd, synonymous mutations tsis hloov cov protein. Cov kev hloov pauv no yog evolutionary nruab nrab, tsis zoo li kev hloov pauv tsis muaj npe.
Daim duab 01: Kev hloov pauv
Feem ntau ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv. Txawm hais tias ib khub ntawm lub hauv paus sib txawv hauv cov codon mutated, nws muab cov amino acid tib yam li tus thawj codon muab. Yog li ntawd, cov amino acids ntu tsis hloov. Thaum cov amino acid sequence tsis hloov, cov protein tseem tsis hloov.
Kev hloov pauv tsis muaj npe yog dab tsi?
Kev hloov pauv tsis yog npe yog kev hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ib ntu ntawm cov noob uas hloov cov amino acid sib lawv liag ntawm cov protein. Xws li kev hloov pauv hloov cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov protein. Yog li, cov kev hloov pauv no cuam tshuam rau tib neeg, tsis zoo li kev hloov pauv hloov pauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov pauv tsis yog npe feem ntau raug xaiv ntuj. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog cov evolutionary tseem ceeb.
Daim duab 02: Frameshift Mutation
Muaj ntau hom kev hloov pauv tsis muaj npe; misense mutations thiab nonsense mutations yog ob hom ntawm lawv. Hauv kev hloov pauv tsis muaj npe, kev ntxig lossis tshem tawm feem ntau tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov kev nyeem ntawv hloov pauv thiab cov codons sib xyaw. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov amino acid theem. Yog tias qhov ntxig lossis tshem tawm tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm nucleotide ib ntus, tag nrho cov amino acid ib ntus yuav raug hloov, ua kom muaj protein ntau sib txawv. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv tsis yog npe coj cov kev hloov pauv zoo uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab raug xaiv los ntawm kev xaiv ntuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov pauv tsis sib luag ua rau muaj kev sib txawv hauv cov noob caj noob ces.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Synonymous thiab Nonsynonymous Mutation?
- Synonymous thiab nosynonymous mutations yog ob hom kev hloov pauv uas hloov nucleotide sequence.
- Point mutations tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob hom.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Synonymous thiab Nonsynonymous Mutation?
Synonymous mutation tsis hloov cov amino acid sequence, thaum nonsynonymous mutation hloov cov amino acid sequence. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis sib xws thiab tsis muaj npe. Ntxiv mus, synonymous mutations yog functionally ntsiag to thiab evolutionary nruab nrab whereas nonsynonymous mutations yog evolutionary tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov pauv tsis yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev nce ntawm ntau haiv neeg hauv cov noob caj noob ces, thaum sib hloov pauv tsis yog.
Cov hauv qab no nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab tsis yog kev hloov pauv hauv daim ntawv teev npe rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Synonymous vs Nonsynonymous Mutation
Synonymous mutations tsis hloov cov amino acid sequence ntawm cov protein. Lawv yog cov uas ntsiag to mutations uas yog evolutionary nruab nrab. Nonsynonymous mutation hloov cov amino acid ib theem zuj zus ntawm cov protein. Cov kev hloov pauv no feem ntau raug xaiv los ntawm ntuj tsim ib yam nkaus vim lawv coj kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab qhov tsis sib xws.
