Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab Van der Waals tas li yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis tu ncua yog hais txog qhov ntsuas kub, siab, thiab qhov ntom ntom rau cov khoom ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, qhov Van der Waals tas li muab qhov kub thiab txias, siab, thiab ntom. tus nqi rau ib yam khoom ntawm txhua qhov chaw.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tsis tu ncua thiab Van der Waals qhov tseem ceeb tas li yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau suav. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem muab cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb tas li siv Van der Waals qhov tseem ceeb tas li los ntawm kev siv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv Van der Waals sib npaug.
Qhov tseem ceeb yog dab tsi?
Critical constant yog qhov kub thiab txias, lub siab tseem ceeb, lossis qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua yam khoom. Lo lus no feem ntau yog coj los ua ntau lub npe vim nws tuaj yeem xa mus rau peb yam xwm txheej (kub, siab lossis ntom) ntawm tib lub ntsiab lus. Peb tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub tseem ceeb li Tc, lub siab tseem ceeb li Pc, thiab qhov ceev tseem ceeb li Vc. Ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem xam qhov tseem ceeb tas mus li uas siv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Van der Waals qhov qub.
Daim duab 01: Phase Diagram
Feem ntau, qhov tseem ceeb qhov tseem ceeb yog muab rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom yog qhov kawg ntawm theem sib npaug ntawm cov khoom ntawd. Ib theem equilibrium nkhaus lossis daim duab theem yog daim duab ntawm lub siab piv rau qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv uas cov theem hloov ntawm cov khoom yog qhia. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias qhov kub thiab qhov siab ntawm cov khoom muaj nyob hauv cov khoom, kua, lossis roj. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog qhov kub thiab qhov siab ntawm cov kua thiab vapor theem coexist.
Van Der Waals Constant yog dab tsi?
Van der Waals tas li yog qhov tseem ceeb uas peb siv hauv Van der Waals kab zauv. Van der Waal sib npaug yog qhov hloov kho ntawm txoj cai roj zoo tagnrho. Qhov kev sib npaug no tuaj yeem siv rau cov pa roj zoo tagnrho thiab rau cov pa roj tiag tiag. Txoj cai lij choj zoo tshaj plaws tsis tuaj yeem siv rau cov pa roj tiag tiag vim tias qhov ntim ntawm cov pa roj molecules yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum piv rau qhov ntim ntawm cov pa roj tiag tiag, thiab muaj cov kev nyiam ntawm cov roj molecules tiag tiag (cov roj zoo tagnrho molecules muaj qhov ntim tsis zoo piv rau tag nrho cov ntim., thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov roj molecules).
Daim duab 02: Van Der Waals equation
Ntawm no, "a" yog qhov tsis tu ncua uas nyob ntawm hom roj thiab "b" kuj yog qhov tas li uas muab qhov ntim ib mole ntawm cov pa (nyob ntawm cov roj molecules). Cov no yog siv los kho qhov kev sib npaug ntawm txoj cai zoo.
Qhov ntim ntawm cov roj molecule tiag tiag tsis yog qhov tsis zoo (tsis zoo li hauv cov roj zoo tagnrho). Yog li ntawd, lub ntim kho yog ua tiav. (V-b) yog lub ntim kho. Qhov no muab cov ntim tiag tiag uas muaj rau cov roj molecule txav (qhov ntim tiag=tag nrho ntim - ntim tau zoo).
Lub siab ntawm cov roj yog lub siab tawm los ntawm cov roj molecule ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub thawv. Txij li thaum muaj kev txaus nyiam ntawm cov roj molecules tiag tiag, lub siab sib txawv ntawm tus cwj pwm zoo. Tom qab ntawd yuav tsum tau kho lub siab. (P + a{n/V}2) yog kev kho siab. (Qhov zoo tshaj plaws siab=pom siab + kev kho siab).
Qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tsis tu ncua thiab Van Der Waals qhov tsis tu ncua?
Critical constant thiab Van der Waal tas li yog cov ntsiab lus uas txawv me ntsis ntawm ib leeg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab Van der Waals tas li yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis tu ncua yog hais txog qhov ntsuas kub, siab, thiab qhov ntom ntom rau cov khoom ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, hos Van der Waals qhov tsis tu ncua muab qhov ntsuas kub, siab, thiab qhov ntom ntom rau. ib yam khoom ntawm txhua qhov chaw.
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab Van der Waals tas li.
Summary – Critical Constant vs Van Der Waals Constant
Critical constant thiab Van der Waal tas li yog cov ntsiab lus uas txawv me ntsis ntawm ib leeg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab Van der Waals tas li yog tias lo lus tseem ceeb tas mus li hais txog qhov kub, siab, thiab qhov ntom ntom rau cov khoom ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, hos Van der Waals qhov tsis tu ncua muab qhov ntsuas kub, siab, thiab qhov ntom ntom. rau ib yam khoom ntawm txhua qhov chaw.
