Qhov txawv ntawm biosynthetic thiab degradative txoj kev yog txoj kev biosynthetic synthesizes complex molecules los ntawm yooj yim molecules thaum degradative txoj kev lov ua complex thiab loj molecules rau hauv yooj yim molecules.
Ib txoj hauv kev metabolic yog cov tshuaj enzyme-catalyzed biochemical uas tshwm sim hauv lub cell. Muaj ob hom kev metabolic: biosynthetic los yog anabolic txoj kev thiab degradative los yog catabolic txoj kev. Ob txoj hauv kev metabolic no ua haujlwm ua ke raws li lub zog tso tawm los ntawm ib txoj hauv kev yog siv los ntawm lwm txoj hauv kev. Cov txheej txheem metabolic yog qhov tsim nyog los tswj hwm homeostasis hauv lub cev. Lawv kuj tswj thiab tswj cov flux ntawm metabolites nyob ntawm seb muaj cov substrates. Cov khoom kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic no yog siv tam sim ntawd, pib lwm txoj hauv kev lossis khaws cia siv thaum xav tau. Txhua yam ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic no muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas cuam tshuam los ntawm lawv cov khoom nruab nrab. Txoj hauv kev metabolic feem ntau yog unidirectional tab sis, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog thim rov qab.
Dab tsi yog Txoj Kev Biosynthetic?
Ib txoj hauv kev biosynthetic yog cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov tshuaj metabolic catalyzed los ntawm enzymes hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom kawg hauv cov kab mob muaj sia. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, cov tebchaw yooj yooj yim raug hloov thiab hloov mus rau ntau yam sib txuas los yog daim ntawv macromolecules. Txoj kev biosynthetic tseem hu ua txoj kev anabolic vim nws koom nrog kev tsim cov macromolecules. Cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog rau cov txheej txheem biosynthesis suav nrog cov khoom sib txuas ua ntej, tshuaj lom neeg lub zog molecules xws li ATP thiab catalytic enzymes nrog rau co-enzymes xws li NADH. Cov ntsiab lus no tsim cov monomers uas tsim macromolecules.
Daim duab 01: Txoj Kev Biosynthetic
Biosynthetic txoj hauv kev muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg ntau. Rau cov kev tshwm sim tshwm sim, ntau lub ntsiab lus yog qhov tsim nyog. Lawv yog cov precursor compounds, tshuaj zog, catalytic enzymes thiab co-enzymes los yog cofactors. Precursor compounds yog hu ua substrate los yog pib molecule hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hauv lwm lo lus, lawv raug hu ua reactants. Catalytic enzymes yog cov protein tshwj xeeb uas ua rau kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm kev txo qis zog ua kom muaj zog. Co-enzymes lossis cofactors pab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hlau ions thiab vitamin derivatives xws li NADH los yog acetyl co-A thiab lwm yam molecules xws li ATP ua co-enzymes los yog cofactors. Thaum kawg, tshuaj lom neeg lub zog yog pom raws li lub zog siab molecules xws li ATP. Lub zog tshuaj yog tsim nyog los tsim macromolecules xws li polypeptides, proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, thiab lipids. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev biosynthetic yog txoj kev endergonic raws li lub zog yog absorbed los yog siv mus. Hauv lub cev muaj sia, cov tshuaj hormones koom nrog txoj hauv kev biosynthetic yog estrogen, testosterone, insulin thiab kev loj hlob hormone.
Dab tsi yog Degradative Pathways?
Ib txoj kev degradative yog ib qho ntawm cov enzyme-catalyzed biochemical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua rau tawg ntawm cov molecules loj lossis polymers. Txoj kev degradative tseem hu ua catabolic txoj hauv kev vim nws koom nrog kev tawg ntawm cov molecules loj rau hauv cov chav me me. Nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev degradative, lub zog tso tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm high zog phosphate bonds nrog lub zog nqa xws li ADP thiab GDP los tsim ATP thiab GTP, feem. Qhov no ua rau qis zog dawb hauv cov khoom kawg. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev degradative yog ib txoj kev exergonic raws li lub zog pub dawb tso tawm. Nws tsim hluav taws xob tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ATP, GTP, NADPH, NADH thiab FADH2los ntawm cov chaw nyuaj xws li carbohydrates, lipids thiab cov proteins. Cov khoom kawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau yog carbon dioxide, dej thiab ammonia.
Daim duab 02: Txoj Kev Degradative
Nyob hauv txoj kev degradative, cov monomers uas tau tso tawm los ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov polymers yog siv los degrade cov khoom pov tseg yooj yim ntxiv los ntawm kev tso tawm lub zog. Cov khib nyiab ntawm tes yog lactic acid, carbon dioxide, acetic acid, ammonia thiab urea. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau yog txheej txheem oxidation. Txoj kev degradative, yog li ntawd, muab tshuaj muaj zog rau kev saib xyuas thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb. Hauv cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob, cov tshuaj hormones uas koom nrog txoj hauv kev degradative yog Adrenaline, cortisol, glucagon thiab cytokines.
Zoo sib xws ntawm Biosynthetic thiab Degradative Pathways
- Txoj kev no yog txoj hauv kev metabolic.
- Ob txoj kev muaj zog.
- Lawv muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob catalyzed los ntawm enzymes.
Qhov txawv ntawm Biosynthetic thiab Degradative Pathways
Txoj kev biosynthetic cuam tshuam nrog anabolism qhov yooj yim molecules lossis substrates hloov mus ua cov molecules loj dua xws li polysaccharides, proteins, lipids thiab nucleic acids. Txoj kev degradative cuam tshuam nrog catabolism qhov twg cov molecules loj dua tawg mus rau cov molecules yooj yim xws li monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids thiab nucleotides. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm biosynthetic thiab degradative txoj hauv kev. Ntxiv mus, txoj kev biosynthetic siv zog thaum txoj kev degradative tso tawm lub zog.
Cov infographic hauv qab no teev qhov sib txawv ntawm biosynthetic thiab degradative txoj hauv kev hauv daim ntawv tabular rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Biosynthetic vs Degradative Pathways
txoj kev Biosynthetic thiab txoj kev degradative yog koom nrog hauv cov metabolism. Cov kab mob metabolic no yog cov tshuaj enzyme-catalyzed biochemical tshwm sim hauv ib lub cell. Biosynthetic txoj kev yog ib tug series ntawm biochemical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm complex molecules los ntawm me me thiab yooj yim molecules siv tshuaj zog zog. Degradative txoj kev yog ib tug series ntawm biochemical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv koom nrog nyob rau hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm complex molecules rau hauv yooj yim molecules tso tshuaj zog. Cov txheej txheem metabolic feem ntau yog unidirectional tab sis, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog thim rov qab. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm biosynthetic thiab degradative txoj kev.
