Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm endocytosis thiab endoreduplication yog endocytosis yog hais txog cov txheej txheem cellular ntawm cov khoom txav mus rau hauv cov hlwb los ntawm invagination ntawm cov cell membrane los ua ib lub vesicle thaum endoreduplication yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev mus rau ntau S theem lossis ntau qhov sib tw. ntawm nuclear genome replication yam tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv nuclear faib lossis mitosis.
Endocytosis thiab endoreduplication yog ob txheej txheej cellular pom hauv cov kab mob nyob. Endocytosis pab cov kab mob kom noj cov as-ham thiab lwm yam khoom tsim nyog hauv lub cell. Endoreduplication, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog ib qho txheej txheem uas pab txhawb cov kab mob polyploidy. Nyob rau hauv endoreduplication, hlwb tsis nkag mus rau hauv lub nuclear division los yog cytokinesis. Hloov chaw, lawv tau dhau ntau theem S. Thaum lub sij hawm ntau S theem, cov genome replicates ntau zaus, nce qib ploidy.
YEndocytosis yog dab tsi?
Endocytosis yog ib qho txheej txheem ntawm tes uas coj cov tshuaj mus rau sab hauv ntawm tes. Thaum cov khoom tuaj txog ze ntawm lub plasma membrane, plasma membrane nyob ib puag ncig thiab internalizes lawv. Tom qab ntawd nws tsim ib lub vesicle uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm sab hauv ntawm tes. Endocytosis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev: phagocytosis, pinocytosis thiab receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Daim duab 01: Endocytosis
Phagocytosis yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev noj cov khoom loj xws li cov khib nyiab ntawm tes, cov kab mob xws li cov kab mob, cov hlwb tuag, cov plua plav, cov khoom me me, thiab lwm yam., nyob rau hauv lub cell los ntawm kev tsim phagosomes. Feem ntau cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob, suav nrog cov ntaub so ntswg macrophages, neutrophils thiab monocytes, siv phagocytosis ua ib qho kev tiv thaiv mechanism. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rhuav tshem cov kab mob los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv phagosomes thiab tom qab ntawd rhuav tshem lawv hauv cell. Ib qho kev ua lytic tshwm sim hauv lub xovtooj ntawm qhov chaw uas lysosome khi rau phagosome thiab tsim cov phagolysosome thiab tso tawm lytic enzymes los rhuav tshem cov kab mob los yog cov teeb meem khoom.
Pinocytosis yog lwm hom endocytosis uas cov kua dej ntxiv hauv lub cell los ntawm kev tsim cov vesicles me. Cov molecules me me uas raug tshem tawm hauv cov kua dej ntxiv yog thauj los ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Pinocytosis tsis xaiv cov molecules los thauj. Txawm li cas los xij cov me me molecules tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov kua extracellular yog noj los ntawm pinocytosis. Pinocytosis yog cov txheej txheem thauj molecule nyob rau hauv daim siab hlwb, raum hlwb, capillary hlwb thiab epithelial hlwb.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis yog hom thib peb ntawm endocytosis uas macromolecules raug coj mus rau hauv lub cell xaiv los ntawm cov kua dej ntxiv. Cov txheej txheem no yog kho los ntawm receptors nyob rau ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes thiab lawv cov kev khi tshwj xeeb nrog cov macromolecules sab nraud ntawm tes. Receptors uas koom nrog hauv receptor-mediated endocytosis yog concentrated hauv clathrin-coated pits. Extracellular macromolecules khi nrog receptors thiab internalize rau hauv clathrin-coated vesicles tsim los ntawm clathrin-coated pits. Lub clathrin-coated vesicles ces fuse nrog cov endosomes thaum ntxov, nyob rau hauv uas lawv cov ntsiab lus yog txheeb rau thauj mus rau lysosomes los yog recycling rau plasma membrane.
Endoreduplication yog dab tsi?
Feem ntau, cov hlwb proliferate ntawm mitosis. Thaum lub sij hawm mitosis, lub cell duplicates nws 'genome ib zaug. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, mitosis tsim ob lub noob caj noob ces zoo tib yam tus ntxhais. Txawm li cas los xij, qee tus neeg ua haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem no thiab tswj hwm lub genome replication rau ntau zaus. Hauv lwm lo lus, qee tus neeg ua haujlwm txhawb nqa kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm DNA rov ua dua tshiab thaum lub sijhawm S (DNA rov ua dua tshiab). Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tiav ntau theem S lossis ntau qhov kev sib tw genome yam tsis tau nkag mus rau mitosis yog hu ua endoreduplication lossis endoreplication.
Daim duab 02: Endoreduplication
Hauv cov txheej txheem no, lub xovtooj ntawm tes tsis nkag mus rau theem mitosis lossis nuclear faib. Hloov chaw, nws tau dhau los ntawm ntau qhov kev hloov pauv genome. Thaum kawg, nws ua rau lub cell loj nrog ib leeg, loj, polyploid nucleus. Endoreduplication tshwm sim raws li kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem polyploidy hauv qee cov kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv arthropods. Thaum ib lub xovtooj tau txais kev kho mob, lub xovtooj tshwj xeeb ntawd tawm ntawm lub voj voog mitotic cell hauv G2 theem. Lub xovtooj nkag mus rau qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov theem ntawm S theem thiab tib lub tshuab molecular li mitotic cell cycles los tswj kev ua tiav ntawm DNA replication.
Endoreduplication yog dav pom nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Ntxiv mus, nws tau pom nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj tshwj xeeb xws li arthropod thiab mammalian hlwb.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Endocytosis thiab Endoreduplication?
- Endocytosis thiab endoreduplication yog ob txoj kev sib txawv ntawm tes.
- Ob leeg tsuas yog txwv rau qee hom cell.
Qhov txawv ntawm Endocytosis thiab Endoreduplication yog dab tsi?
Nyob rau hauv endocytosis, cell membrane nyob ib ncig ntawm thiab internalizes cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv extracellular kua nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav coj lawv mus rau hauv lub cell thaum nyob rau hauv endoreduplication, lub cell tawm ntawm mitosis thiab undergoes ntau nuclear genome replication los yog ntau S theem. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm endocytosis thiab endoreduplication. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov no yog ob txoj kev sib txawv ntawm tes. Lub cell membrane plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv endocytosis, uas feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lub caij no, lub genome plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv endoreduplication, uas yog dav pom nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag hlwb. Yog li, qhov no yog lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm endocytosis thiab endoreduplication. Ntxiv mus, endocytosis tsis hloov lub ploidy theem ntawm tes, thaum endoreduplication nce ploidy theem ntawm cell.
Hauv qab infographic qhia ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm endocytosis thiab endoreduplication nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev.
Summary – Endocytosis vs Endoreduplication
Endocytosis thiab endoreduplication yog ob txoj kev sib txawv. Endocytosis pab cell nqa cov as-ham thiab lwm yam khoom tsim nyog los ntawm sab nraud ntawm tes mus rau sab hauv. Lub cell membrane internalizes tshuaj los ntawm sab nraud thiab coj lawv mus rau hauv, tsim ib vesicle nyob rau hauv lub cell sab hauv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, endoreduplication nce polyploidy. Nws yog dav pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Ntxiv mus, nws pom nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj tshwj xeeb hlwb. Hauv endoreduplication, lub xovtooj ntawm tes tawm ntawm mitosis thiab dhau mus rau ntau theem S txhawm rau txhawm rau rov ua cov genome ntau zaus. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm endocytosis thiab endoreduplication.
