Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm vinylic halides thiab aryl halides yog tias vinylic halides muaj npe raws li cov pa roj carbon atom uas lub halide atom yog sib koom thaum aryl halides muaj npe nyob ntawm seb muaj cov qauv cyclic uas lub halide atom. yog txuas.
Vinylic halides thiab aryl halides yog cov tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj lom neeg uas halide atoms (pab pawg 7 cov tshuaj lom neeg) tau sib txuas ncaj qha rau carbon atoms. Peb tuaj yeem categorize cov tebchaw nyob ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom uas txuas nrog halide atom.
Vinylic Halides yog dab tsi?
Vinylic halides yog cov organic sib txuas nrog halide atom sib txuas rau ib qho ntawm ob lub atoms hauv ob daim ntawv cog lus tam sim no hauv cov molecule. Yog li, cov no yog cov alkenes uas muaj cov tshuaj chlorine ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov pa roj carbon atom uas muaj halide atom muaj sp2 hybridization, thiab nws cov geometry nyob ib ncig ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom yog trigonal planar. Cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv ob daim ntawv cog lus yog hu ua vinylic carbons. Cov electron ceev nyob ib ncig ntawm cov chaw carbon no siab dua; Txawm li cas los xij, cov pa roj carbon atom uas muaj cov halide atom muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua li lwm cov pa roj carbon atom vim tias cov tshuaj chlorine atom yog ib hom khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau.
Daim duab 01: Vinyl Chloride Structure
Vinyl chloride yog ib qho sib xyaw ua ke hauv chav kawm ntawm cov organic tebchaw. Qhov sib xyaw no muaj nyob hauv cov roj tsis muaj xim ntawm chav tsev kub, thiab nws muaj ntxhiab tsw zoo li. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb raws li cov monomer rau kev tsim cov polyvinyl chloride polymer. Yog li ntawd, vinyl chloride yog cov tshuaj nruab nrab, tsis yog cov khoom kawg. Cov khoom siv polymer ntawm vinyl chloride (polyvinyl chloride) yog ruaj khov, ruaj khov thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom.
Aryl Halides yog dab tsi?
Ib aryl halide yog cov organic compound uas muaj halogen atom txuas ncaj qha mus rau sp2 hybridized carbon nyob rau hauv ib lub nplhaib aromatic. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem muab lub npe no ua ib qho qauv tsis txaus ntseeg vim tias muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus hauv lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab. Aryl halides kuj qhia txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm dipole-dipole. Cov carbon-halogen daim ntawv cog lus muaj zog dua li ntawm alkyl halides vim muaj cov nplhaib electrons. Qhov no tshwm sim vim hais tias lub nplhaib aromatic muab electrons rau carbon atom, txo cov nqi zoo. Aryl halides tuaj yeem hloov pauv electrophilic thiab tuaj yeem tau txais cov pab pawg alkyl txuas nrog ortho, para lossis meta txoj haujlwm ntawm lub nplhaib aromatic. Ib lossis ob lub halogens tuaj yeem txuas rau lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab. Qhov ntawd kuj yog nyob rau hauv ortho, para lossis meta txoj haujlwm.
Daim duab 02: Tsim cov Benzyl Chloride
Alkyl halides yog lwm pab pawg loj ntawm halide compounds. Peb tuaj yeem siv qhov kev sim tshuaj yooj yim kom paub qhov txawv ntawm aryl thiab alkyl halides. Ntawm no, peb tuaj yeem siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas. Ua ntej, NaOH yuav tsum tau ntxiv, ua raws li cua sov. Tom qab ntawd qhov sib tov yog txias, thiab HNO3 id yog ntxiv, ua raws li qhov sib ntxiv ntawm AgNO3. Alkyl halide yuav muab ib qho dawb precipitate whereas aryl halide yuav tsis. Qhov ntawd yog vim aryl halides tsis tau hloov pauv nucleophilic, tsis zoo li alkyl halides. Yog vim li cas rau qhov tsis hloov pauv nucleophilic yog tias cov huab cua hluav taws xob ntawm lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm nucleophile.
Qhov txawv ntawm Vinylic Halides thiab Aryl Halides yog dab tsi?
Peb tuaj yeem faib cov halide-organic tebchaw nyob ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom uas txuas nrog halide atom. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm vinylic halides thiab aryl halides yog tias vinylic halides muaj npe raws li cov pa roj carbon atom uas lub halide atom yog sib koom thaum aryl halides muaj npe nyob ntawm seb muaj cov qauv cyclic uas lub halide atom txuas nrog.
Hauv qab infographic tabulates ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm vinylic halides thiab aryl halides.
Summary – Vinylic Halides vs Aryl Halides
Halide-muaj cov organic tebchaw tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg xws li alkyl thiab aryl halides. Vinylic halides tuaj nyob rau hauv pawg ntawm alkyl halides. Vinylic halides yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj lawv cov halide atom sib txuas rau ib qho ntawm ob lub pa roj carbon atom hauv ob daim ntawv cog lus tam sim no hauv cov molecule thaum aryl halides yog cov organic compound uas muaj halogen atom txuas ncaj qha mus rau sp2 hybridized carbon nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib aromatic. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm vinylic halides thiab aryl halides.
