Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm halogens thiab halides yog tias cov halogens yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj ib qho hluav taws xob tsis sib xws hauv lawv qhov chaw sab nrauv p orbital whereas lub halides tsis muaj hluav taws xob tsis sib xws.
Halogens yog pawg 7 yam. Txij li thaum lawv muaj cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws hauv p orbitals, feem ntau oxidation xeev ntawm halogens yog -1 vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ruaj khov los ntawm kev tau txais ib qho hluav taws xob. Qhov no electron nkag mus rau halide. Yog li, halides yog daim ntawv anionic ntawm halogens.
Halogens yog dab tsi?
Halogens yog pawg 7 tshuaj lom neeg muaj 5 electrons nyob rau sab nraud p orbital. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus no muaj ib qho hluav taws xob tsis sib xws hauv lawv qhov chaw sab nrauv p orbital. Yog li ntawd, nws yog reactive heev kom tau txais ib qho hluav taws xob los ntawm sab nraud thiab ua kom ruaj khov. Lawv tau yooj yim tsim daim ntawv anionic, halide, los ntawm kev tau txais ib qho hluav taws xob.
Daim duab 01: Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Halogens. (Los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis: chlorine, bromine, iodine.)
Cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg no yog fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) thiab Astatine (At). Tsis tas li ntawd, vim li cas thiaj muab lawv lub npe halogen yog tias lawv txhua tus tuaj yeem tsim cov ntsev ntsev nrog cov khoom zoo sib xws. Peb tuaj yeem pom txhua theem ntawm cov teeb meem hauv pawg no; fluorine thiab chlorine yog gases nyob rau hauv cov xwm, bromine yog ib tug kua thiab iodine yog ib tug khoom compound nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob. Astatine yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Ntxiv mus, qhov kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob dav dav ntawm cov ntsiab lus no yog ns2np5
Halides yog dab tsi?
Halides yog cov ntawv anionic ntawm halogens. Yog li ntawd, cov hom tshuaj no tsim thaum lub halogen tau txais ib qho hluav taws xob los ntawm sab nraud kom tau txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ruaj khov. Tom qab ntawd lub teeb tsa hluav taws xob dhau los ua ns2np6 Txawm li cas los xij, halide yuav ib txwm muaj qhov tsis zoo. Cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg no suav nrog fluoride (F−), chloride (Cl−), bromide (Br−), iodide (I−) thiab astatine (At−). Cov ntsev uas muaj cov ions no yog cov ntsev halide. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov halides no tsis muaj xim thiab tshwm sim hauv cov khoom siv crystalline. Cov khib nyiab no muaj qhov tsis zoo enthalpy ntawm kev tsim. Yog li ntawd, qhov no txhais tau tias cov khib nyiab yooj yim tau tsim.
Muaj cov kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb uas peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov muaj halide. Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem siv nyiaj nitrate los qhia tias muaj cov chlorides, bromides, thiab iodides. Tias yog vim li cas, thaum peb ntxiv nyiaj nitrate rau cov tshuaj uas muaj chloride ions, nyiaj chloride precipitate. Yog tias peb ntxiv nyiaj nitrate rau bromide uas muaj cov tshuaj, cov ntaub ntawv creamy silver bromide precipitate. Rau iodide ion uas muaj cov kev daws teeb meem, nws muab cov xim ntsuab xim precipitate. Tab sis, peb tsis tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj fluoride los ntawm qhov kev sim no vim tias cov tshuaj fluorides tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov hmoov av nrog nyiaj nitrate.
Qhov txawv ntawm Halogens thiab Halides yog dab tsi?
Halogens yog pab pawg 7 cov tshuaj muaj 5 electrons nyob rau sab nraud p orbital, suav nrog cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws. Halides yog cov anionic cov ntaub ntawv ntawm halogens thiab tsis muaj ib tug unpaired electron. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm halogens thiab halides. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg halogen yog fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) thiab Astatine (At). Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg halide yog fluoride (F−), chloride (Cl−), bromide (Br -), iodide (I−) thiab astatine (At−). Muab hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws qhov sib txawv ntawm halogens thiab halides hauv daim ntawv tabular.
Summary - Halogens vs Halides
Halogens yog pawg 7 lub ntsiab lus uas muaj cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws ntawm sab nrauv orbital. Lawv tsim ua halides los ntawm kev txais ib qho hluav taws xob thiab ua kom ruaj khov. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm halogens thiab halides yog tias cov halogens yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg muaj ib qho tsis muaj hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv lawv sab nraud p orbital whereas cov halides tsis muaj cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws.
