Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm halogens thiab pseudohalogens yog tias cov halogens yog pawg 17 cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm thaum lub pseudohalogens yog kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm halogens.
Lub npe halogen txhais tau tias "tsim ntsev". Yog li, cov tshuaj no muaj cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov ntsev los ntawm kev tsim cov anions. Txawm li cas los xij, pseudohalogens tsis yog halogens, tab sis lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm halogens xws li kev tsim cov khoom sib txuas thiab cov complexes zoo ib yam li halogens. Cia peb tham ntxiv txog cov ntsiab lus no.
Halogens yog dab tsi?
Halogens yog cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv pawg 17 ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Nws muaj tsib tug tswv cuab; fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), thiab astatine (At). Lub cim dav dav uas peb siv los xa mus rau ib qho halogen yog "X". Lo lus halogen txhais tau tias, "tsim ntsev". Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov tshuaj no muaj peev xwm hnov mob nrog hlau los tsim cov anions thiab tsim ntau cov ntsev. Cov pab pawg ntawm cov ntsiab lus no tsuas yog pab pawg nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm uas muaj cov ntsiab lus uas muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho peb lub xeev ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm tus qauv kub thiab siab; fluorine thiab chlorine muaj nyob rau hauv gases, bromine muaj nyob rau hauv cov kua thiab iodine yog ib yam khoom nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Ntxiv mus, cov ntsiab lus no muaj zog heev.
Daim duab 01: Halogens
Lawv kuj tau yooj yim tsim cov anions nrog -1 tus nqi los ntawm kev tau txais ib qho hluav taws xob rau lawv qhov chaw sab nraud. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov ntsiab lus no muaj ib qho tsis sib xws ntawm electron nyob rau hauv lawv cov p orbital. Ntxiv mus, cov tebchaw uas cov ntsiab lus tsim muaj xws li hydrogen halides, hlau halides, interhalogen compounds (muaj ob halogens), organohalogen compounds (halogens bonded rau organic molecules), thiab lwm yam.
Pseudohalogens yog dab tsi?
Pseudohalogens yog cov tshuaj sib xyaw uas muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau yam tshuaj uas qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm halogens. Cov no yog qhov tseem ceeb polyatomic molecules. Qhov no txhais tau tias txhua pseudohalogen muaj tsawg kawg yog ob lub atoms ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv. Cov chemistry ntawm cov tebchaw no zoo li qhov tseeb halogens. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem hloov tau yooj yim halogens los ntawm kev hloov lawv. Cov tshuaj lom neeg no tshwm sim hauv cov qauv hauv qab no.
- Pseudohalogen molecules; inorganic molecules:
- Symmetrical molecules xws li cyanogen ((CN)2)
- Asymmetrical molecules xws li BrCN
- Pseudohalide anions xws li cyanide ion
- Inorganic acids xws li HCN
- Raws li ligands hauv kev sib koom ua ke xws li ferricyanides
- Raws li pab pawg ua haujlwm hauv cov organic molecules xws li nitrile pawg.
Qhov muaj ib lossis ob daim ntawv cog lus tsis cuam tshuam rau kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tshuaj no. Yog li, lawv tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj lom neeg uas zoo li halogens. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov kua qaub muaj zog uas zoo li HX hom halogenic acids (piv txwv li HCo (CO) 4 zoo li HCl). Ntxiv mus, lawv tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov hlau los tsim cov khoom sib txuas uas zoo li MX hom halogenic compounds (foe piv txwv NaN3 zoo li NaCl).
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Halogens thiab Pseudohalogens?
- Ob hom tshuaj muaj tshuaj zoo ib yam
- Ob leeg halogens thiab Pseudohalogenscan tsim muaj zog acids
- Halogens thiab Pseudohalogens tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog hlau los ua ntsev
- Ionic hom ntawm ob hom muaj -1 hluav taws xob.
Qhov txawv ntawm Halogens thiab Pseudohalogens yog dab tsi?
Halogens yog cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv pawg 17 ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Cov no yog cov tshuaj lom neeg. Ntxiv mus, cov no yog cov tshuaj reactive heev uas yog paub zoo tias "tsim ua" cov neeg ua haujlwm. Pseudohalogens yog cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau yam tshuaj uas qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm halogens. Ntawd yog, tsis zoo li halogens, pseudohalogens yog cov tshuaj lom neeg. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, lawv muaj cov cwj pwm tshuaj lom neeg uas zoo li halogens. Cov nram qab no infographic nthuav qhia ntau ntxiv txog qhov sib txawv ntawm halogens thiab pseudohalogens.
Summary – Halogens vs Pseudohalogens
Pseudohalogens yog hom tshuaj uas zoo li halogens. Qhov txawv ntawm halogens thiab pseudohalogens yog tias cov halogens yog pawg 17 cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm whereas lub pseudohalogens yog ob peb ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv uas muaj cov tshuaj yam ntxwv ntawm halogens.
