Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Hall Héroult Txheej Txheem thiab Hoopes txheej txheem yog Hall Héroult txheej txheem tsim cov hlau txhuas nrog 99.5% purity, hos Hoopes txheej txheem tsim txhuas hlau nrog txog 99.99% purity.
Hall Héroult txheej txheem thiab Hoopes txheej txheem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov hlau tsis huv. Ob txoj kev no yog cov txheej txheem electrolytic. Lub purity ntawm txhuas hlau tsim los ntawm txhua tus txheej txheem yog sib txawv ntawm ib leeg.
Hall Héroult Process yog dab tsi?
Hall Héroult txheej txheem yog txoj hauv kev lag luam loj rau kev sib tsoo ntawm txhuas hlau. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev ua kom tawg ntawm txhuas oxide lossis alumina uas tau txais los ntawm bauxite ntxhia (los ntawm cov txheej txheem Bayer) hauv molten cryolite, tom qab ntawd los ntawm electrolyzing lub molten ntsev da dej hauv lub hom phiaj tsim ntawm tes. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem no yuav siv qhov chaw ntawm 940-980 degrees Celsius hauv kev lag luam-scale daim ntaub ntawv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, cov txheej txheem no tsim tawm txog 99.5% ntshiab txhuas hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tsis siv cov txhuas rov ua dua tshiab hauv cov txheej txheem no vim tias hom txhuas yuav tsum tsis muaj electrolysis. Cov txheej txheem Hall Héroult nyiam ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv huab cua vim muaj cov pa roj carbon dioxide tawm hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv electrolytic.
txheej txheem no yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias cov khoom siv txhuas tsis tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm electrolysis ntawm aqueous txhuas ntsev vim hydronium ion nkag oxides elemental txhuas. Feem ntau, aluminium oxide muaj qhov melting siab heev; Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau yaj nyob rau hauv cryolite thiaj li yuav txo tau lub melting point. Qhov no ua rau cov txheej txheem electrolysis yooj yim dua. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum muaj cov pa roj carbon, uas feem ntau yog coke.
Vim qhov no yog txheej txheem electrolysis, peb yuav tsum siv lub cathode thiab anode. Feem ntau, cov electrodes yog ua los ntawm purified coke. Ntawm lub cathode, aluminium ions coj electrons, tsim cov hlau txhuas. Ntawm lub anode, oxide ions ua ke nrog cov pa roj carbon atoms los ntawm coke los tsim cov pa roj carbon monoxide. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, ntau cov pa roj carbon dioxide tsim ntau dua li cov pa roj carbon monoxide. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, cryolite yog siv los tso rau hauv lub melting point ntawm alumina vim nws muaj peev xwm yaj alumina zoo. Cryolite kuj muaj peev xwm ua hluav taws xob; Yog li, peb tuaj yeem siv nws ua qhov nruab nrab electrolytic. Tsis tas li ntawd, cryolite muaj qhov ntom ntom piv rau txhuas hlau, uas yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov txheej txheem electrolysis.
Hoopes Process yog dab tsi?
Hoopes txheej txheem yog txheej txheem kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig kom tau txais txhuas hlau ntawm purity siab heev. Cov txheej txheem tau muab npe tom qab tus kws tshawb fawb William Hoopes. Cov hlau txhuas uas peb tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm Hall Héroult txheej txheem muaj qhov purity ntawm 99%. Rau feem ntau daim ntawv thov, tus nqi ntawm purity yog coj li ntshiab txhuas. Tab sis rau lub hom phiaj rhiab heev, qhov purity no tsis txaus. Yog li ntawd, ntxiv purification ntawm txhuas tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem Hoopes, uas tseem yog txheej txheem electrolytic.
txheej txheem Hoopes siv lub xovtooj ntawm electrolytic uas muaj lub tank hlau nrog carbon nyob hauv qab. Rau lub anode ntawm lub xovtooj ntawm no, molten alloy ntawm tooj liab, crude txhuas los yog silicon yuav siv tau. Qhov no anode tsim cov txheej txheem qis tshaj plaws ntawm cov cell electrolytic no. Muaj ib txheej nruab nrab uas muaj cov molten sib tov ntawm fluorides sodium, txhuas thiab barium. Cov txheej tom ntej yog txheej saum toj kawg nkaus uas muaj molten aluminium. Lub cathode ntawm tes yog ob graphite rods uas yog dipped nyob rau hauv molten aluminium.
Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem electrolysis, aluminium ions los ntawm nruab nrab txheej ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes yuav tsiv mus rau txheej txheej sab saud uas cov ions tau txo qis, tsim cov hlau txhuas los ntawm peb lub electrons los ntawm cathodes. Ntawm no, ib qho sib npaug ntawm aluminium ions daim ntawv nyob rau hauv qis txheej tib lub sij hawm (ntawm lub anode). Cov txhuas ions no ces tsiv mus rau nruab nrab txheej. Peb tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntshiab aluminium tapping tawm los ntawm txheej sab sauv ib ntus. Lub purity ntawm no txhuas yog hais txog 99.99%.
Qhov txawv ntawm Hall Héroult Process thiab Hoopes Process yog dab tsi?
Ob chav Hall Héroult txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem Hoopes yog cov txheej txheem electrolytic uas tsim cov hlau txhuas nrog siab purity. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Hall Héroult Process thiab Hoopes txheej txheem yog Hall Héroult txheej txheem tsim cov hlau txhuas nrog 99.5% purity, hos Hoopes txheej txheem tsim txhuas hlau nrog txog 99.99% purity.
Hauv qab infographic teev ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm Hall Héroult Process thiab Hoopes txheej txheem hauv daim ntawv teev npe.
Summary – Hall Héroult Process vs Hoopes Process
Rau feem ntau daim ntawv thov, purity ntawm txhuas tau los ntawm Hall Héroult txheej txheem yog suav tias yog cov ntshiab txhuas. Tab sis rau lub hom phiaj rhiab heev, qhov purity no tsis txaus. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, peb xav tau kev ua kom huv ntxiv, uas yog ua los ntawm Hoopes txheej txheem. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Hall Héroult txheej txheem thiab Hoopes txheej txheem yog Hall Héroult txheej txheem tsim cov hlau txhuas nrog 99.5% purity, hos Hoopes txheej txheem tsim txhuas hlau nrog txog 99.99% purity.
