Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nitric acid thiab nitrous acid yog tias nitric acid molecule muaj peb oxygen atoms khi rau ib lub hauv paus nitrogen atom hos nitrous acid molecule muaj ob oxygen atoms khi rau lub hauv paus nitrogen atom.
Nitric thiab nitrous acids yog inorganic acids ntawm nitrogen. Ob lub acids no muaj nitrogen, oxygen thiab hydrogen atoms.
Nitric Acid yog dab tsi?
Nitric acid muaj cov tshuaj formula HNO3. Nws yog ib tug heev corrosive thiab txaus ntshai acid. Ntxiv mus, nws muaj peev xwm muaj ib tug dilute los yog concentrated tshuaj xwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj nitric acid molecules yaj hauv dej. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm nitrogen dioxide thiab dej tsim nitric acid. Muaj ob hom nitric acid: fuming nitric acid thiab concentrated nitric acid.
Daim duab 01: Resonance Structures ntawm Nitric Acid Molecule
Fuming nitric acid yog qib kev lag luam ntawm nitric acid uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab heev thiab ceev ceev. Nws muaj 90-99% HNO3. Peb tuaj yeem npaj cov kua no los ntawm kev ntxiv nitrogen dioxide ntau dhau rau nitric acid. Nws tsim cov xim tsis muaj xim, daj lossis xim av fuming kua uas yog corrosive heev. Yog li ntawd, cov kua qaub no muaj cov roj molecules ua ke nrog dej; tsis muaj dej hauv nws. Cov pa taws ntawm cov kua qaub no tawm ntawm cov kua qaub; Qhov no ua rau nws lub npe, "fuming". Cov tshuaj formula ntawm no compound yog HNO3-xNO2
Concentrated nitric acid yog ib qho tshuaj uas muaj nitric acid ntau dua hauv dej tsawg. Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias daim ntawv concentrated ntawm cov kua qaub no muaj cov dej tsawg dua piv rau cov kua dej hauv nws. Hauv kev lag luam nplai, 68% lossis nce siab yog suav tias yog cov concentrated nitric acid. Ntxiv mus, qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj no yog 1.35 g / cm3. Qhov concentration ntau no tsis tsim cov pa taws, tab sis qhov siab heev ntawm cov kua qaub no yuav ua rau cov pa taws dawb dawb. Peb tuaj yeem tsim cov kua no los ntawm kev ua pa nitrogen dioxide nrog dej.
Nitrous Acid yog dab tsi?
Nitrous acid yog ib qho inorganic acid uas muaj cov tshuaj formula HNO2. Nws yog ib qho tsis muaj zog acid thiab monoprotic acid. Cov kua qaub no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xeev cov tshuaj, nyob rau hauv lub gas theem, thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nitrile ntsev. Cov kua qaub no muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev ua cov ntsev diazonium uas yog cov tshuaj reagents hauv azo coupling cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom muab azo dyes.
Daim duab 02: Cov qauv ntawm Nitrous Acid
Nitrous acid daws tshwm hauv xim xiav daj. Lub hauv paus conjugate ntawm no acid yog nitrile ion. Nyob rau hauv nws cov roj theem, nitrous acid yog nyob rau hauv lub planar geometry, thiab nws muaj peev xwm txais tau ob qho tib si cis thiab trans daim ntawv. Lub trans isomer predominates nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, thiab nws yog ruaj khov dua lub cis isomer.
Nitrous acid tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm acidification ntawm aqueous daws ntawm sodium nitrite nrog cov ntxhia acid. Peb tuaj yeem ua cov txheej txheem acidification ntawm cov dej khov, thiab HNO2 tau noj hauv qhov xwm txheej. Dawb nitrous acid molecules tsis ruaj khov thiab zoo li decompose sai. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem tsim cov kua qaub nitrous los ntawm dissolving dinitrogen trioxide hauv dej.
Qhov txawv ntawm Nitric Acid thiab Nitrous Acid yog dab tsi?
Nitric acid thiab nitrous acid yog inorganic acids uas muaj nitrogen atoms. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nitric acid thiab nitrous acid yog tias cov nitric acid molecule muaj peb cov pa oxygen atoms khi rau lub hauv paus nitrogen atom whereas nitrous acid molecule muaj ob lub pa atoms khi rau lub hauv paus nitrogen atom.
Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv yooj yim ntawm nitric acid thiab nitrous acid yog tias nitric acid yog xim tsis muaj xim, daj-daj, lossis liab fuming kua thaum nitrous acid yog xim daj-xiav. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, nitric acid yog cov kua qaub uas muaj zog tshaj nitrous acid.
Hauv qab infographic tabulates qhov sib txawv ntawm nitric acid thiab nitrous acid.
Summary – Nitric Acid vs Nitrous Acid
Nitric acid thiab nitrous acid yog inorganic acids uas muaj nitrogen atoms. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nitric acid thiab nitrous acid yog tias cov nitric acid molecule muaj peb cov pa oxygen atoms khi rau lub hauv paus nitrogen atom whereas nitrous acid molecule muaj ob lub pa atoms khi rau lub hauv paus nitrogen atom.
