Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm acylation thiab prenylation yog tias acylation yog hais txog covalent txuas ntawm fatty acids rau cov proteins, thaum prenylation yog hais txog covalent txuas ntawm prenyl pawg rau cov proteins.
Kev hloov pauv tom qab kev txhais lus yog ib hom kev hloov pauv protein uas tshwm sim tom qab pib kev sib txuas ntawm cov protein. Muaj ntau ntau hom mechanisms. Acylation thiab prenylation yog ob hom uas covalent txuas ntawm lipid pawg hloov cov proteins kom koom nrog cov membranes, ob qho tib si intracellularly thiab extracellularly. Hauv prenylation, prenyl pawg xws li farnesyl lossis geranylgeranyl tau ntxiv rau cov protein. Hauv acylation, fatty acids yog covalently txuas rau cov proteins. Acylation thiab prenylation tshwm sim hauv ntau cov proteins hauv eukaryotic hlwb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, hloov cov proteins tswj ntau txoj hauv kev lom neeg, xws li kev lag luam hauv daim nyias nyias, kev zais cov protein, cov teeb liab hloov, thiab apoptosis.
Acylation yog dab tsi?
Acylation yog covalent txuas ntawm fatty acids rau cov proteins. Nws yog kev hloov kho tom qab kev txhais lus. Hauv acylation, hom kev sib txuas thiab hom fatty acid tuaj yeem sib txawv. Raws li qhov ntawd, muaj ob pawg ntawm acylation li N-terminal myristoylation (N-acylation) thiab palmitoylation (S-acylation).
Daim duab 01: Acylation
N-acylation lossis N davhlau ya nyob twg myristoylation yog qhov txuas ntawm myristate, uas yog 14 carbon saturated fatty acid rau N terminal glycine residue ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm amide. Nws yog tus txheej txheem irreversible. S-acylation los yog palmitoylation, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog covalent txuas ntawm palmitic acid, uas yog cov saw ntev saturated fatty acid rau cysteine residue ntawm thioester txuas. Palmitoylation yog kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv protein. Fatty acylation regulates intracellular trafficking, subcellular localization, protein-protein thiab protein-lipid interactions.
Dab tsi yog Prenylation?
Prenylation yog kev hloov pauv tom qab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov protein. Nws koom nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm pawg hydrophobic rau cov protein. Feem ntau, ob hom prenyl pawg, xws li farnesyl lossis geranylgeranyl moiety, yog ntxiv rau C-terminal cysteine ntawm lub hom phiaj protein. Peb enzymes catalyze prenylation hauv hlwb. Lawv yog farnesyl transferase, Caax protease thiab geranylgeranyl transferase.
Daim duab 02: Prenyl Group
Protein prenylation tshwm sim los ntawm peb kauj ruam, pib los ntawm kev txuas ntawm isoprenoid ua raws li proteolysis thiab methyl esterification ntawm C-terminal prenylated cysteine. Prenylation yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb los kho cov kev sib tshuam ntawm cov protein-protein thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov protein-membrane.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Acylation thiab Prenylation?
- Acylation thiab prenylation yog ob hom kev hloov kho tom qab kev txhais lus.
- Ob txheej txheem ua hydrophobic hloov kho rau cov proteins.
Qhov txawv ntawm Acylation thiab Prenylation yog dab tsi?
Acylation yog covalent txuas ntawm myristate fatty acids rau N terminal glycine residue thiab palmitic acid rau cysteine residue ntawm cov protein ntawm amide linkage thiab thioester linkage, feem. Prenylation yog covalent txuas ntawm farnesyl lossis geranylgeranyl rau cysteine ntawm lossis ze ntawm carboxy-terminal ntawm cov proteins tshwj xeeb ntawm thioether daim ntawv cog lus. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm acylation thiab prenylation.
Hauv qab infographic tabulates ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm acylation thiab prenylation.
Summary – Acylation vs Prenylation
Acylation thiab prenylation yog ob qho kev hloov pauv protein tom qab. Acylation yog covalent txuas ntawm fatty acids rau cov proteins. Prenylation yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov pab pawg prenyl rau cov proteins. Ob leeg fatty acids thiab prenyl pawg yog hydrophobic modifiers ntawm cov proteins. Hauv acylation, myristate thiab palmitate sawv cev rau feem ntau cov fatty acid hloov kho pawg. Hauv prenylation, farnesyl lossis geranylgeranyl pawg ua raws li kev hloov pauv. Fatty acylation regulates intracellular trafficking, subcellular localization, protein-protein thiab protein-lipid kev sib cuam tshuam. Prenylation yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb los kho cov kev sib tshuam ntawm cov protein-cov protein thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov protein-membrane. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm acylation thiab prenylation.
