Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw thiab delocalized electrons yog qhov chaw electrons nyob nruab nrab ntawm atoms, whereas delocalized electrons nyob rau saum toj thiab hauv qab atoms.
Nyob rau hauv chemistry, localized electrons thiab delocalized electrons yog cov ntsiab lus uas piav txog cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas. Localized electrons yog qhov sib txuas ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv molecules thaum delocalized electrons yog nonbonding electrons uas tshwm sim raws li electron huab saum toj no thiab hauv qab lub molecule.
Dab tsi yog Localized Electrons?
Localized electrons yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov tshuaj sib txuas. Cov electrons no nyob nruab nrab ntawm atoms qhov twg sigma bonds tuaj yeem pom. Sigma daim ntawv cog lus yog cov ntawv cog lus tsim los ntawm axial overlapping ntawm ib nrab puv atomic orbitals ntawm atoms.
Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam tshwm sim hauv cov khoom sib txuas nrog covalent tshuaj bonds. Cov hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam no yog ob lub atoms tshwj xeeb, sib piv rau delocalized electrons, uas yog ib txwm muaj rau tag nrho cov atoms hauv molecule. Localized electrons yog sib koom ntawm atoms tsim covalent bonds, coordination bonds, thiab lwm yam.
Delocalized Electrons yog dab tsi?
Delocalized electrons yog cov tsis muaj hluav taws xob hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg. Lo lus no yog hais txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog ib qho atom lossis covalent daim ntawv cog lus. Txawm li cas los xij, lo lus delocalized electron muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus hauv ntau qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov organic chemistry, delocalized electrons yog nyob rau hauv lub resonance qauv ntawm conjugated systems nyob rau hauv aromatic compounds. Nyob rau hauv solid-state physics, delocalized electrons yog cov dawb electrons uas pab txhawb hluav taws xob conduction. Ntxiv mus, quantum physics siv lub sij hawm delocalized electrons xa mus rau molecular orbital electrons uas tau txuas mus rau ntau lub atoms.
Daim duab 01: Benzene, (delocalization ntawm cov electrons yog qhia los ntawm lub voj voog)
Lub nplhaib benzene yog qhov piv txwv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev muaj ntxhiab uas muaj delocalized electrons. Muaj rau pi electrons nyob rau hauv benzene molecule; peb feem ntau qhia cov graphically siv lub voj voog. Lub voj voog no txhais tau hais tias cov pi electrons cuam tshuam nrog tag nrho cov atoms hauv cov molecule. Qhov delocalization no ua rau lub nplhaib benzene kom muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg nrog cov ntawv cog lus ntev.
Qhov txawv ntawm Localized thiab Delocalized Electrons yog dab tsi?
Peb siv cov ntsiab lus hauv cheeb tsam thiab delocalized electrons nyob rau hauv ceg ntawm chemistry, hais txog cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov tebchaw. Ib qho atom hauv zos yog ib qho hluav taws xob uas nyob rau hauv ib qho atom thaum lub delocalized electron yog ib qho hluav taws xob tsis cuam tshuam nrog ib qho atom lossis ib daim ntawv cog lus. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv zos thiab delocalized yog tias cov hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov atoms, thaum delocalized electrons nyob rau saum toj thiab hauv qab cov atoms. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam raug kaw rau thaj tsam tshwj xeeb ntawm ob lub atoms thaum delocalized electrons kis tau ntau lub atoms.
Ntxiv mus, lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw thiab delocalized electrons yog tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv zos muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov atoms tshwj xeeb hauv ib qho chaw thaum lub delocalized electrons cuam tshuam nrog tag nrho cov atoms hauv lub molecule. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam yog cov duab qhia los ntawm cov kab ncaj nraim, thaum delocalized electrons yog graphically qhia los ntawm lub voj voog.
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm thaj chaw thiab delocalized electrons.
Summary – Localized and Delocalized electron
Cov ntsiab lus hauv cheeb tsam thiab delocalized electrons tau tham hauv qab chemistry. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv zos thiab delocalized yog tias cov hluav taws xob hauv cheeb tsam nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov atoms, thaum delocalized electrons nyob rau saum toj thiab hauv qab cov atoms. Ntxiv mus, delocalized electrons yog txuam nrog cov atoms nyob rau hauv ib tug compound thaum lub delocalized electrons yog txuam nrog tag nrho cov atoms nyob rau hauv lub molecule.
