Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw thiab delocalised chemical bonds yog tias cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv zos yog ib daim ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb lossis ib leeg electron khub ntawm ib qho atom tshwj xeeb whereas delocalised chemical bond yog ib daim ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog ib qho atom lossis ib qho. covalent bond.
Ib daim ntawv cog lus tshuaj yog kev sib txuas ntawm ob lub atom. Qhov kev sib txuas no tshwm sim vim qhov sib tshooj ntawm molecular orbitals. Muaj ob hom kev sib cog lus loj xws li cov ntawv cog lus hauv zos thiab delocalised chemical bonds. Localized chemical bonds yog qhov qub molecular orbital overlappings xws li sigma bonds thiab pi bonds. Txawm li cas los xij, delocalised chemical bonds txawv. Cov ntawv cog lus no tsim thaum ntau daim ntawv cog lus hauv zos sib xyaw ua ke. Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv nyob hauv qab no.
Dab tsi yog Localized Chemical Bonds?
Localised chemical bonds yog ib txwm sigma thiab pi bonds lossis ib leeg electron khub uas muaj nyob rau ntawm ib qho atom. Cov ntawv cog lus no yog tsom rau ntawm thaj tsam txwv ntawm ib lub molecule. Cov cheeb tsam no muaj cov concentrated electron faib. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lub electron ceev ntawm cheeb tsam no yog heev.
Daim duab 01: Ib Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Sigma - Ib Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Tshuaj Tshuaj
Ib daim ntawv cog lus hauv zos thaum ob lub molecular orbitals ntawm ob lub atoms sib tshooj sib tshooj. Sigma bonds tuaj yeem tsim vim qhov sib tshooj ntawm ob lub orbitals, ob lub p orbitals lossis s-p sib tshooj.
Dab tsi yog Delocalised Chemical Bonds?
Delocalised chemical bonds yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg uas tsis koom nrog tib lub atom nkaus xwb tab sis nrog ob peb lub atoms lossis lwm cov khoom siv tshuaj. Peb hu cov electrons hauv cov ntawv cog lus no ua 'delocalised electrons'. Delocalization tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub conjugated pi system. Lub conjugated pi system muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab ib daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv ib qho kev hloov pauv.
Daim duab 02: Delocalization ntawm Electrons
Piv txwv li, lub nplhaib benzene muaj peb ib daim ntawv cog lus thiab peb daim ntawv cog lus ob zaug hauv ib qho kev hloov pauv. Txhua cov pa roj carbon atom nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib no muaj p orbital uas tsis ua rau lub ntsej muag sib tshooj. Yog li cov p orbitals tuaj yeem muaj sab sib tshooj. Qhov kev sib tshooj no yog qhov delocalization. Peb tuaj yeem qhia qhov no ua ob lub voj voog nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub nplhaib benzene thiab hauv qab ntawm lub nplhaib. Cov electrons no muaj kev ywj pheej txav mus thoob plaws hauv lub cev vim lawv tsis muaj kev khi ruaj khov rau ib qho atom lossis ib daim ntawv cog lus.
Qhov txawv ntawm Localized thiab Delocalised Chemical Bonds yog dab tsi?
Localised chemical bonds yog ib txwm sigma thiab pi bonds lossis ib leeg electron khub uas muaj nyob rau ntawm ib qho atom. Cov ntawv cog lus no tsim los ntawm kev sib tshooj ntawm sab xub ntiag ntawm s orbitals, p orbitals lossis s thiab p orbitals. Ntxiv mus, cov electrons no txwv rau ib cheeb tsam ntawm ob lub atoms sib cais. Delocalised chemical bonds yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg uas tsis koom nrog tib lub atom nkaus xwb tab sis nrog ob peb lub atoms lossis lwm cov khoom siv tshuaj. Cov ntawv cog lus no muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib kis thoob plaws hauv cov molecule uas tsis muaj kev txav mus los. Cov ntawv cog lus no tsim los ntawm sab sib tshooj ntawm p orbitals. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw thiab delocalised chemical bonds.
Summary – Localized vs Delocalised Chemical Bonds
Ib daim ntawv cog lus tshuaj yog kev sib txuas ntawm ob lub atom. Muaj ob hom kev sib cog lus tshuaj raws li thaj chaw thiab delocalised chemical bonds. Qhov sib txawv ntawm thaj chaw thiab delocalised chemical bonds yog tias cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv zos yog ib daim ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb lossis ib leeg electron khub ntawm ib qho atom tshwj xeeb whereas ib daim ntawv cog lus delocalised yog ib daim ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog ib qho atom lossis ib daim ntawv cog lus.
