Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj kinetics thiab cov tshuaj sib npaug yog tias cov tshuaj kinetics cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov sib npaug tshuaj cuam tshuam nrog qhov tsis hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntau ntawm cov tshuaj reactants thiab cov khoom dhau sijhawm.
Tshuaj kinetics yog ceg ntawm lub cev chemistry cuam tshuam nrog kev nkag siab ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Chemical equilibrium yog theem uas ob qho tib si reactants thiab cov khoom tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov concentrations uas tsis muaj lub hom phiaj ntxiv hloov nrog lub sij hawm.
Tshuaj Kinetics yog dab tsi?
Tshuaj kinetics tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li ceg ntawm lub cev chemistry txhawj xeeb nrog kev nkag siab txog cov tshuaj lom neeg. Lub sij hawm no yog tham nyob rau hauv sib piv rau thermodynamics. Lub sij hawm tshuaj kinetics suav nrog kev tshawb xyuas ntawm cov kev sim uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog rau nws txoj kev hloov pauv tau. Ntxiv mus, qhov tshwm sim no cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv lej piav qhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj kinetics yog qhov xwm ntawm cov reactants, lub cev lub cev, thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom hauv lub xeev, concentration, kub, catalysis, siab, nqus ntawm lub teeb, thiab lwm yam.
Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ntawm no, peb yuav tsum ntsuas qhov concentration ntawm reactants lossis cov khoom hloov pauv raws sijhawm. E.g. peb tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov concentration ntawm reactant los ntawm spectrophotometric thaum hais txog lub wavelength uas tsis muaj lwm yam reactant lossis cov khoom ntawm lub cev tuaj yeem nqus tau lub teeb.
Chemical Equilibrium yog dab tsi?
Tshuaj sib npaug yog theem uas ob qho tib si reactants thiab cov khoom tshwm sim hauv cov concentrations uas tsis muaj lub hom phiaj ntxiv ntawm kev hloov nrog lub sijhawm. Muaj cov tshuaj reversible tshuaj raws li irreversible tshua. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj muaj xws li reactants hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom. Qee zaum, reactants raug tsim rov qab los ntawm cov khoom. Cov no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab. Tab sis qee zaum, cov reactants tau noj tag nrho thoob plaws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tsis rov ua dua. Cov no yog irreversible tshua. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab, thaum reactants hloov mus rau cov khoom, peb hu nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau pem hauv ntej, thiab thaum cov khoom hloov mus rau reactants, nws yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab.
Yog tias qhov kev tawm tsam pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab sib npaug, ces cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov sib npaug. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau qee lub sij hawm, tus nqi ntawm cov reactants thiab cov khoom tsis hloov. Rov qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib txwm tuaj mus rau qhov sib npaug thiab tswj qhov sib npaug. Thaum lub kaw lus nyob rau ntawm qhov sib npaug, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thiab cov reactants tsis tas yuav sib npaug. Nws tuaj yeem muaj ntau dua ntawm cov reactants ntau dua li cov khoom lag luam lossis rov ua dua. Qhov tsuas yog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib npaug sib npaug yog kev saib xyuas tus nqi tas li los ntawm ob qho tib si dhau sijhawm. Rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv kev sib npaug, peb tuaj yeem txhais qhov sib npaug tas li raws li: nws yog sib npaug ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm qhov concentration ntawm cov khoom thiab cov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Tshuaj Kinetics thiab Chemical Equilibrium yog dab tsi?
Cov ntsiab lus tshuaj kinetics thiab tshuaj sib npaug yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv chemistry. Cov no yog siv rau yuav luag txhua lub sijhawm hauv qhov xwm txheej. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj kinetics thiab cov tshuaj sib npaug yog tias cov tshuaj kinetics cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov sib npaug tshuaj cuam tshuam nrog qhov tsis hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntau ntawm cov tshuaj reactants thiab cov khoom dhau sijhawm.
Cov hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj kinetics thiab tshuaj sib npaug hauv daim ntawv teev npe rau kev sib piv ntawm ib sab.
Summary – Chemical Kinetics vs Chemical Equilibrium
Tshuaj kinetics yog ceg ntawm lub cev chemistry cuam tshuam nrog kev nkag siab ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Chemical equilibrium yog theem uas ob qho tib si reactants thiab cov khoom tshwm sim hauv cov concentrations uas tsis muaj lub hom phiaj ntxiv ntawm kev hloov nrog lub sijhawm. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj kinetics thiab tshuaj sib npaug yog tias cov tshuaj kinetics cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi, thaum cov tshuaj sib npaug cuam tshuam nrog qhov tsis hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntau ntawm cov reactants thiab cov khoom nyob rau lub sijhawm.
