Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm covalent thiab noncovalent bonds yog covalent bonds tsim thaum ob lub atoms muab lawv cov electrons rau ib leeg whereas noncovalent bonds tsim los ntawm kev sib pauv electrons ntawm ob lub atoms los yog tsis pauv ib qho electron.
Muaj plaub hom tshuaj tiv thaiv loj: covalent bonds, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, thiab Van der Waals kev sib cuam tshuam. Thaum peb categorize chemical bonds li covalent thiab noncovalent bonds, ionic, hydrogen bonds, thiab Van der Waals kev sib cuam tshuam poob rau hauv qeb ntawm noncovalent bonds.
Covalent Bonds yog dab tsi?
Ib daim ntawv cog lus yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim thaum ob lub atom sib koom ua ke electron ntawm lawv. Nws yog lub npe hu ua "molecular bond". Cov ntawv cog lus no tsim thaum "cov khub sib koom" lossis "cov khub sib koom ua ke" muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov atoms. Covalent daim ntawv cog lus yog vim qhov ruaj khov ntawm kev txaus siab thiab kev ua phem ntawm cov atoms thaum lawv sib koom electrons. Sib koom electrons ntawm atoms tso cai rau txhua lub atom kom muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm lub plhaub sab nraud. Feem ntau, hom kev sib cog lus no tshwm sim ntawm ob lub nonmetal atoms uas muaj ze li ntawm electronegativity qhov tseem ceeb los yog nruab nrab ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob thiab cov hlau ion zoo.
Muaj ob yam loj ntawm covalent bonds: polar covalent bonds thiab nonpolar covalent bonds. Polar covalent bonds muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob lub atom nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov txiaj ntsig electronegativity hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.4 txog 1.7. Nonpolar covalent daim ntawv cog lus yog tias qhov sib txawv no qis dua 0.4. Ntawm no, qhov sib txawv siab ntawm cov txiaj ntsig electronegativity txhais tau hais tias, ib lub atom (muaj tus nqi electronegativity siab dua) nyiam cov electrons ntau dua li lwm cov atom, ua rau daim ntawv cog lus polar.
Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom hluav taws xob uas tau sib koom ntawm ob lub atom, peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas peb hom kev sib cog lus tseem ceeb ua ib daim ntawv cog lus, uas koom nrog ib khub hluav taws xob, ob daim ntawv cog lus, uas muaj ob lub electron khub, thiab ib qho triple daim ntawv cog lus, uas muaj peb lub electron khub.
Dab tsi yog daim ntawv cog lus tsis sib xws?
Noncovalent bonds yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg uas tsim los ntawm kev sib pauv hluav taws xob tag nrho ntawm cov atoms lossis tsis sib pauv electrons txhua. Muaj peb hom noncovalent bonds li ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, thiab Van der Waals kev sib cuam tshuam.
Ib lub atom tuaj yeem nce lossis poob hluav taws xob thiab tsim cov khoom tsis zoo lossis qhov zoo kom tau txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ruaj khov. Peb hu cov khoom no "ions". Lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam electrostatic ntawm lawv. Ib daim ntawv cog lus ionic tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li lub zog ntawm kev sib tw ntawm cov ions oppositely them. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm electrostatic ntawm ions yog cuam tshuam los ntawm electronegativity ntawm cov atoms hauv daim ntawv cog lus ionic. Yog li, electronegativity muab ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm cov atoms 'affinity rau electrons. Ib lub atom uas muaj electronegativity siab tuaj yeem nyiam electrons los ntawm ib lub atom uas tsis tshua muaj electronegativity los tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus ionic.
Hydrogen bonds yog lwm daim ntawv cog lus uas tsis muaj cov khoom siv. Nws yog ib hom kev quab yuam ntawm ob lub atom ntawm ob lub molecules sib txawv uas yog lub zog tsis muaj zog. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum muab piv nrog rau lwm hom kev sib xyaw ua ke xws li kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm polar-polar, nonpolar-nonpolar kev sib cuam tshuam zoo li Vander Waal rog, hydrogen bonds muaj zog dua. Feem ntau, hydrogen bonds tsim ntawm polar covalent molecules. Cov molecules no muaj polar covalent bonds, uas tsim los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov electronegativity qhov tseem ceeb ntawm atoms uas nyob rau hauv covalent daim ntawv cog lus.
Van der Waals kev sib cuam tshuam yog lwm hom kev sib cog lus tsis sib xws. Lawv yog cov tsis muaj zog attraction zog ntawm ob lub atom nyob rau hauv ob nonpolar molecules. Ib qho kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm Van der Waals yog ib qho kev nyiam los yog kev tawm tsam uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov polarizations nyob ze.
Qhov txawv ntawm Covalent thiab Noncovalent Bonds yog dab tsi?
Covalent thiab noncovalent daim ntawv cog lus yog ob chav kawm dav dav ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg hauv chemistry. Covalent daim ntawv cog lus tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv peb pawg ntxiv xws li ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, thiab Van der Waals kev sib cuam tshuam. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm covalent thiab noncovalent bonds yog covalent bonds tsim thaum ob lub atoms qhia lawv cov electrons rau ib leeg whereas noncovalent bonds tsim los ntawm kev sib pauv electrons ntawm ob lub atoms los yog tsis pauv ib qho hluav taws xob.
Hauv qab infographic teev tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm covalent thiab noncovalent daim ntawv cog lus kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Summary – Covalent vs Noncovalent Bonds
Covalent thiab noncovalent daim ntawv cog lus yog ob chav kawm dav dav ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg hauv chemistry. Covalent daim ntawv cog lus tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv peb pawg ntxiv xws li ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, thiab Van der Waals kev sib cuam tshuam. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm covalent thiab noncovalent bonds yog covalent bonds tsim thaum ob lub atoms qhia lawv cov electrons rau ib leeg whereas noncovalent bonds tsim los ntawm tag nrho sib pauv electrons ntawm ob atoms los yog tsis pauv ib qho electron.
