Qhov txawv ntawm Symmetric thiab Asymmetric Sab saum toj Molecules

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Symmetric thiab Asymmetric Sab saum toj Molecules

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2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab asymmetric sab saum toj molecules yog tias symmetric sab saum toj molecules muaj ib qho kev sib hloov axis thiab ob lub sij hawm ntawm inertia uas sib npaug rau ib leeg whereas asymmetric sab saum toj molecules muaj tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm inertia sib txawv. los ntawm ib leeg.

Lub sij hawm symmetric thiab asymmetric sab saum toj molecules tuaj nyob rau hauv kev faib tawm ntawm polyatomic molecules raws li cov duab ntawm lub sijhawm ellipsoid thiab cov ntshiab kev sib hloov spectra. Feem ntau, polyatomic molecules muaj kev sib hloov spectra. Peb tuaj yeem faib cov molecules no ua plaub chav kawm txhawm rau txhais cov spectra. Qhov kev faib tawm no yog ua los ntawm cov duab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm inertia ellipsoid ntawm cov molecule. Plaub chav kawm suav nrog cov kab hluav taws xob, cov kab hluav taws xob saum toj kawg nkaus, cov khoom sib luag sab saum toj, thiab asymmetric sab saum toj molecules.

Symmetric Top Molecules yog dab tsi?

Symmetric sab saum toj molecules yog polyatomic molecules muaj ib qho kev sib hloov axis thiab ob lub sij hawm ntawm inertia sib npaug rau ib leeg. Hauv lwm lo lus, symmetric sab saum toj molecules muaj ob lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm inertial sib npaug thaum qhov thib peb yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Peb muaj peev xwm ntxiv subdivide pawg no rau hauv ob pawg ua prolate symmetric sab saum toj molecules thiab oblate symmetric sab saum toj molecules.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm Symmetric thiab Asymmetric Sab saum toj Molecules

Daim duab 01: Zoo li CH3I Molecule

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm prolate symmetric top molecules yog CH₃I. Nws tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev hloov cov atom hydrogen los ntawm methane molecule los ntawm iodine atom. Qhov kev hloov no ua rau txo qis ntawm qhov sib luag ntawm cov molecule los ntawm T_d rau C_3v Thaum peb xav txog C₃ axis (los yog I_A axis), cov atoms uas pab txhawb kev sib hloov tsuas yog lub teeb hydrogen atoms xwb. Yog li ntawd, lub sij hawm ntawm inertia tsawg tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub axis ntawm lub molecule. Muaj ob lub axes (I_B thiab I_C) uas yog perpendicular rau no C₃ axis thiab ob lub no perpendicular axes yog sib npaug rau ib leeg. Li no, I_A<I_B=I_C kab molecules yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov prolate symmetric sab saum toj molecules vim lawv muaj lawv I_A=0. Ntxiv mus, cov oblate symmetric sab saum toj molecules muaj lawv I_C ua tus loj tshaj plaws thaum I_{Asib npaug I}B _{Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem muab txoj kev sib raug zoo no li, I}A_=IB_{<I C}

Dab tsi yog Asymmetric Top Molecules?

Asymmetric sab saum toj molecules yog ib hom polyatomic molecules muaj tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm inertia txawv ntawm ib leeg. Hauv lwm lo lus, molecule dhau los ua ib qho asymmetric sab saum toj molecule yog tias nws qhov kev txiav txim siab dua yog C_{2 lossis yog tias tsis muaj kev sib hloov axis. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus symmetric class ntawm molecules.}

Qhov txawv tseem ceeb - Symmetric vs Asymmetric Top Molecules

Daim duab 02: Dej Molecule

Thaum xav txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov axes ntawm cov molecule, nws muaj I_A ≠ I_B ≠ I _C. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm hom molecules muaj xws li H₂O, C₂H₂F _{2, thiab lwm yam.}

Qhov txawv ntawm Symmetric thiab Asymmetric Sab saum toj Molecules yog dab tsi?

Symmetric thiab asymmetric sab saum toj molecules yog ob hom polyatomic molecules. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm symmetric thiab asymmetric sab saum toj molecules yog tias symmetric sab saum toj molecules muaj ib qho kev sib hloov axis thiab ob lub sij hawm ntawm inertia uas sib npaug rau ib leeg whereas asymmetric sab saum toj molecules muaj tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm inertia txawv ntawm ib leeg. Thaum symmetric sab saum toj molecules muaj ob axes sib npaug rau ib leeg thiab lwm qhov axis yog qhov tshwj xeeb, asymmetric sab saum toj molecules muaj tag nrho peb axes sib txawv ntawm ib leeg.

Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib luag thiab asymmetric sab saum toj molecules.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm Symmetric thiab Asymmetric Sab saum toj Molecules hauv Daim Ntawv Tabular

Summary – Symmetric vs Asymmetric Top Molecules

Polyatomic molecules tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg raws li cov kab hluav taws xob, cov kab hluav taws xob sab saum toj, cov kab hluav taws xob sab saum toj, thiab cov molecules asymmetric sab saum toj, raws li lawv cov kev hloov pauv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm symmetric thiab asymmetric sab saum toj molecules yog tias symmetric sab saum toj molecules muaj ib qho kev sib hloov axis thiab ob lub sij hawm ntawm inertia uas sib npaug rau ib leeg whereas asymmetric sab saum toj molecules muaj tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm inertia txawv ntawm ib leeg.