Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm catenation thiab polymerisation yog tias catenation suav nrog kev sib tw ntawm cov atoms ntawm tib cov tshuaj lom neeg los tsim cov macromolecule, hos polymerisation suav nrog kev khi ntawm monomers los ua macromolecule.
Polymerisation kuj yog hom tshuaj tiv thaiv catenation ntawm qee lub ntsiab lus. Polymerisation tuaj yeem lossis tsis siv cov atoms zoo sib xws los tsim cov khoom siv polymer, tab sis hauv cov txheej txheem catenation, cov atoms zoo sib xws ib txwm txuas rau ib leeg, tsim cov qauv saw.
Catenation yog dab tsi?
Catenation yog lub peev xwm ntawm atoms ntawm ib qho tshuaj lom neeg los khi nrog ib leeg, tsim cov saw lossis lub nplhaib. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv tshuaj carbon yog koom nrog hauv catenation vim tias carbon muaj peev xwm tsim cov qauv aliphatic thiab aromatic los ntawm kev khi ntau cov pa roj carbon atoms. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qee yam tshuaj lom neeg uas tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv no, suav nrog sulfur thiab phosphorous.
Daim duab 01: Butane muaj cov saw hlau ntawm carbon atoms
Yog tias qee yam tshuaj lom neeg tau dhau los ntawm catenation, lub atoms ntawm lub ntsiab lus yuav tsum muaj qhov tseeb uas tsawg kawg yog ob. Ntxiv mus, cov tshuaj no yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tsim cov tshuaj muaj zog ntawm cov atoms ntawm nws hom; e.g. covalent bonds. Polymerisation kuj yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv catenation. Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau catenation suav nrog:
- Carbon
- Sulfur
- Silicon
- Germanium
- Selenium Y
- Tellurium
Nitrogen Nyob
YYuav ua li cas yog Polymerisation?
Polymerisation yog txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv polymer. Qhov no yog tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tshwm sim feem ntau nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev: dawb radical polymerisation, saw loj hlob polymerisation thiab kauj ruam-loj hlob polymerisation.
Dawb radical polymerisation yog txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv polymer los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov dawb radicals. Radicals tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Feem ntau, qhov kev tsim ntawm radicals koom nrog ib qho kev pib molecule. Ntawm no, cov ntaub ntawv polymer saw los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov radical tsim nrog cov non-radical monomers. Peb cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv txoj kev no suav nrog cov hauv qab no.
- Kev pib
- Kev nthuav qhia
- Kev txiav txim
Cov kauj ruam pib muaj qhov cuam tshuam. Lub sijhawm no, cov saw hlau polymer pib tsim. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob kauj ruam, lub polymer siv nws lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv loj hlob cov polymer saw. Cov kauj ruam kawg, kev txiav tawm, suav nrog kev txiav tawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov saw hlau polymer. Qhov ntawd tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntau txoj hauv kev:
- Kev sib xyaw ntawm qhov kawg ntawm ob txoj hlua polymer loj hlob
- Kev sib xyaw ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov saw hlau polymer nrog tus pib
- Radical disproportionation (tshem tawm ntawm hydrogen atom, tsim ib pab pawg tsis txaus ntseeg)
Kev loj hlob ntawm cov saw hlau polymerisation yog ib hom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization nyob rau hauv uas cov polymers yog tsim los ntawm unsaturated monomers. Txoj kev no tseem hu ua ntxiv polymerization vim monomers ntxiv rau qhov kawg ntawm cov saw hlau polymer. Thaum lub sij hawm cov saw loj hlob polymerization txheej txheem, monomers txuas rau cov saw hlau nyob rau hauv lub active site ntawm lub loj hlob polymer saw, ib tug monomer ntawm ib lub sij hawm.
Daim duab 02: Vinyl Chloride Polymerisation
kauj ruam kev loj hlob polymerization yog ib hom txheej txheem polymerization uas tsim cov polymer tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim ntawm bi-functional lossis multi-functional monomers. Cov txheej txheem polymerization no tseem hu ua condensation polymerization. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, cov saw hlau polymer tsis tsim thaum pib. Ua ntej, dimers, trimers, thiab tetramers yog tsim. Tom qab ntawd cov oligomers ua ke nrog ib leeg tsim cov saw ntev polymer. Yog li, monomers tsis txuas rau qhov kawg ntawm cov saw hlau polymer xws li hauv cov saw loj hlob polymerization.
Qhov txawv ntawm Catenation thiab Polymerisation yog dab tsi?
Catenation yog lub peev xwm ntawm atoms ntawm ib qho tshuaj lom neeg los khi nrog ib leeg, tsim cov saw lossis lub nplhaib. Polymerisation, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tsim cov khoom siv polymer. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm catenation thiab polymerization yog tias catenation suav nrog kev sib tw ntawm cov atoms ntawm tib cov tshuaj lom neeg los tsim cov macromolecule, thaum polymerisation suav nrog kev khi ntawm monomers los ua macromolecule. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev cuam tshuam polymerization tuaj yeem raug cais raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catenation thiab vim yog cov txheej txheem ntau.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm catenation thiab polymerization.
Summary – Ctenation vs Polymerisation
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm catenation thiab polymerization yog tias catenation suav nrog kev sib tw ntawm cov atoms ntawm tib cov tshuaj lom neeg los tsim cov macromolecule, thaum polymerisation suav nrog kev khi ntawm monomers los ua macromolecule. Qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization tuaj yeem raug cais raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catenation thiab vim yog cov txheej txheem ntau.
