Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov xov tooj cua thiab kev hloov pauv yog tias cov xov tooj cua hais txog kev hloov pauv hauv ntuj, qhov kev hloov pauv yog hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm ib qho tshuaj mus rau lwm qhov los ntawm kev txhais tau tias ntuj lossis dag.
Ob lub xov tooj cua thiab kev hloov pauv yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj uas cuam tshuam txog kev hloov pauv ntawm atomic nuclei los tsim cov tshuaj tshiab los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj uas twb muaj lawm. Radioactivity yog ib hom kev hloov pauv.
xov tooj cua yog dab tsi?
Radioactivity yog cov txheej txheem inorganic ntawm spontaneous nuclear transformation uas ua rau tsim cov ntsiab lus tshiab. Qhov no txhais tau tias radioactivity yog lub peev xwm ntawm ib yam khoom tso tawm hluav taws xob. Peb tuaj yeem pom ntau yam xov tooj cua sib txawv hauv qhov xwm txheej, thiab qee qhov yog hluavtaws thiab. Feem ntau, lub nucleus ntawm ib txwm (tsis yog-radioactive) atom yog ruaj khov. Hauv cov nuclei ntawm cov xov tooj cua, muaj qhov tsis sib xws ntawm neutrons rau protons piv, uas ua rau lawv tsis ruaj khov. Yog li ntawd, cov nuclei no zoo li emit particles nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua kom ruaj khov, thiab cov txheej txheem no yog lub npe hu ua radioactive decay.
Feem ntau, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj tus nqi ntawm kev lwj: ib nrab-lub neej. Ib nrab-lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob piav qhia lub sijhawm uas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xav tau kom txo qis rau ib nrab ntawm nws qhov qub. Cov kev hloov pauv tau suav nrog Alpha particle emission, Beta particle emission thiab orbital electron capture. Alpha hais tawm los ntawm ib tug nucleus ntawm ib tug atom thaum lub neutron rau proton ratio yog tsawg heev. Piv txwv li, Th-228 yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem tso tawm alpha hais nrog lub zog sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv Beta particle emission, ib tug neutron nyob rau hauv ib tug nucleus yog hloov mus rau ib tug proton los ntawm emitting ib tug beta particle. P-32, H-3, C-14 yog cov ntshiab beta emitters. Radioactivity yog ntsuas los ntawm cov units, Becquerel los yog Curie.
Thaum xov tooj cua tshwm sim hauv qhov xwm txheej, peb hu nws lub xov tooj cua ntuj. Uranium yog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws uas tshwm sim (atomic naj npawb 92). Txawm li cas los xij, cov nuclei tsis ruaj khov no tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov chaw sim los ntawm kev foob pob nrog cov neutrons qeeb. Tom qab ntawd peb tuaj yeem hu nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Txawm hais tias muaj xov tooj cua isotopes ntawm thorium thiab Uranium, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob txhais tau tias peb tab tom tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob trans-uranium uas muaj peev xwm ntawm cov xov tooj cua.
Kev hloov pauv yog dab tsi?
Kev hloov pauv yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj ntawm kev hloov cov qauv ntawm atoms hauv atomic nuclei, uas ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj mus rau hauv cov tshuaj sib txawv. Muaj ob hom kev hloov pauv raws li ntuj tsim thiab tsim kev hloov pauv.
Natural transmutation yog nuclear transmutation uas tshwm sim lawm. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, tus naj npawb ntawm protons lossis neutrons hauv atomic nuclei hloov pauv, ua rau cov tshuaj lom neeg hloov pauv. Hom kev hloov pauv ntuj no tshwm sim hauv cov tub ntxhais ntawm cov hnub qub; peb hu nws stellar nucleosynthesis (nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub hnub qub, nuclear fusion cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim cov tshuaj tshiab). Nyob rau hauv ntau lub hnub qub, cov fusion tshwm sim tshwm sim nrog hydrogen thiab helium. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hnub qub loj tuaj yeem raug tshuaj fusion tshuaj los ntawm cov khoom hnyav xws li hlau.
Daim duab 01: Stellar Nucleosynthesis
Kev hloov pauv yog ib hom kev hloov pauv uas peb tuaj yeem ua raws li cov txheej txheem dag. Hom kev hloov pauv no tshwm sim los ntawm kev foob pob ntawm ib qho atomic nucleus nrog rau lwm qhov. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem hloov cov tshuaj lom neeg rau hauv cov tshuaj sib txawv. Thawj qhov kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog kev foob pob ntawm nitrogen atom nrog alpha particle los tsim cov pa oxygen. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj uas tsim los tshiab qhia tau hais tias radioactivity. Peb npe cov ntsiab lus no ua cov ntsiab lus tracer. Cov khoom siv feem ntau siv rau kev foob pob yog alpha hais thiab deuteron.
Qhov txawv ntawm Radioactivity thiab Transmutation yog dab tsi?
Ob lub xov tooj cua thiab kev hloov pauv yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj uas cuam tshuam txog kev hloov pauv ntawm atomic nuclei los tsim cov tshuaj tshiab los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj uas twb muaj lawm. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm radioactivity thiab transmutation yog hais tias radioactivity yog hais txog lub ntuj transmutation, whereas transmutation yog hais txog kev hloov ntawm ib yam tshuaj mus rau lwm yam los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso los yog dag txhais tau tias.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xov tooj cua thiab kev hloov pauv.
Summary – Radioactivity vs Transmutation
Ob lub xov tooj cua thiab kev hloov pauv yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj uas cuam tshuam txog kev hloov pauv ntawm atomic nuclei los tsim cov tshuaj tshiab los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj uas twb muaj lawm. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm radioactivity thiab transmutation yog hais tias radioactivity yog hais txog lub ntuj transmutation, whereas transmutation yog hais txog kev hloov ntawm ib yam tshuaj mus rau lwm yam los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso los yog dag txhais tau tias.
