Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm semiconductor thiab superconductor yog tias semiconductors muaj hluav taws xob conductivity uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm conductivity ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib thiab ib qho insulator whereas superconductors muaj hluav taws xob conductivity uas siab dua tus neeg xyuas pib.
Ib tug hluav taws xob conductor yog ib yam khoom uas tso cai rau cov hluav taws xob tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws. Semiconductors thiab superconductors yog ob hom hluav taws xob conductors. Lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg raws li lawv qhov kev coj ua.
Semiconductor yog dab tsi?
Ib lub semiconductor yog ib yam ntawm cov neeg xyuas pib uas muaj tus nqi conductivity ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov insulator thiab tus neeg xyuas pib. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias; Qhov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm ib tug semiconductor yog nruab nrab rau ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Cov no feem ntau yog crystalline solids uas muaj kev siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam xws li zus tau tej cov diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, cov conductivity ntawm ib tug semiconductor yog rhiab heev rau qhov kub thiab txias illuminations, magnetic teb, impurities nyob rau hauv cov khoom semiconductor, thiab lwm yam.
Muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor peb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam hauv lub sijhawm. Cov ntsiab lus no suav nrog silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), selenium (Se), thiab tellurium (Te). Ntxiv mus, muaj peev xwm muaj ntau yam sib txawv semiconductors uas muaj ob lossis ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg ua ke. Piv txwv li, Gallium arsenide muaj gallium thiab arsenic. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntshiab silicon yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, thiab nws yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.
Daim duab 01: Ib qho Silicon Crystal
Feem ntau, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog ib qho siv lead ua. Lawv cov atoms tau teeb tsa hauv 3D qauv. Thaum xav txog cov siv lead ua silicon, txhua lub atom silicon yog surrounded los ntawm plaub lwm silicon atoms. Cov atoms no muaj covalent chemical bonds nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Lub zog sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm cov conduction band thiab valence band ntawm silicon crystal yog hu ua band gap. Rau cov semiconductors, qhov sib txawv band feem ntau yog nruab nrab ntawm 0.25 txog 2.5 eV.
Tus superconductor yog dab tsi?
Superconductors yog cov khoom uas muaj hluav taws xob conductivity tshaj tus nqi conductivity ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Nws tuaj yeem yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg lossis cov khoom sib xyaw uas poob nws cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo thaum txias hauv qab qhov kub thiab txias. Yog li ntawd, ib tug superconductor tso cai rau cov ndlwg ntawm hluav taws xob lub zog tsis muaj zog poob. Lub zog ntws no hu ua supercurrent. Txawm li cas los xij, nws nyuaj heev los tsim cov superconductors. Qhov kub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no poob lawv cov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv yog hu ua qhov ntsuas kub tseem ceeb lossis Tc. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv peb paub tsis tuaj yeem tig mus rau hauv superconductors hauv qab no qhov kub thiab txias. Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj Tc ntawm lawv tus kheej tuaj yeem hloov mus ua superconductors.
Daim duab 02: Superconductor
Muaj ob hom superconductors li hom I thiab hom II. Hom I superconductor cov ntaub ntawv yog cov conductors ntawm chav tsev kub thiab ua superconductors thaum txias hauv qab lawv Tc. Hom II cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo conductors ntawm chav tsev kub. Lawv maj mam hloov mus ua superconductors thaum txias. Qhov sib txawv band ntawm superconductors feem ntau yog siab dua 2.5eV.
Qhov txawv ntawm Semiconductor thiab Superconductor yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm semiconductor thiab superconductor yog tias semiconductors muaj hluav taws xob conductivity uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov conductivity ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib thiab ib qho insulator whereas superconductors muaj hluav taws xob conductivity uas siab dua tus neeg xyuas pib. Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ib lub semiconductor yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.25 thiab 2.5 eV thaum lub band sib txawv ntawm ib tug superconductor yog siab tshaj 2.5 eV.
Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm semiconductor thiab superconductor.
Summary – Semiconductor vs Superconductor
Semiconductors thiab superconductors yog ob hom hluav taws xob conductors. Lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg raws li lawv cov conductivity. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm semiconductor thiab superconductor yog cov semiconductors muaj cov hluav taws xob conductivity uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov conductivity ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib thiab cov insulator whereas superconductors muaj hluav taws xob conductivity uas siab tshaj tus neeg xyuas pib.
