Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm congener thiab isomer yog tias cov congener yog hais txog cov tshuaj sib txuas uas muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws thiab cov khoom zoo sib xws. Lub caij no, isomer hais txog cov molecules uas muaj cov tshuaj tib yam nkaus tab sis cov qauv sib txawv.
Cov ntsiab lus congener thiab isomer xa mus rau cov pab pawg ntawm cov tebchaw uas tau ua pawg raws li lawv qhov sib xws. Lo lus congener yuav muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus, tab sis hauv chemistry, peb feem ntau siv cov ntsiab lus uas hais tias congeners yog cov tshuaj sib txuas uas muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws thiab cov khoom zoo sib xws. Isomers, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog cov tebchaw muaj cov qauv sib txawv tab sis zoo sib xws atomic muaj pes tsawg leeg; yog li ntawd, lawv muaj cov khoom sib txawv thiab.
Congener yog dab tsi?
Congener yog ib lo lus uas hais txog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws thiab cov khoom zoo sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, lo lus no qee zaum hais txog cov tswv cuab ntawm tib pab pawg hauv cov lus ntu ntu ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, polychlorinated biphenyls yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas uas muaj txog 200 congeners. Ib yam li ntawd, muaj cov polybrominated biphenyls, uas yog ib chav kawm sib txawv ntawm cov tebchaw uas muaj cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov qauv tshuaj zoo sib xws. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke no muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ib leeg hauv keeb kwm, qauv, lossis kev ua haujlwm.
Daim duab 01: Polychlorinated Biphenyl Structures
Peb tuaj yeem faib cov chav kawm ntawm cov tebchaw raws li keeb kwm, qauv lossis kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, muaj congener alcohols uas tsim thaum lub sij hawm fermentation. Yog li, qhov no yog kev faib tawm raws li lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub compound. Ib yam li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem faib cov congeners ntawm oleic acid raws li kev ua haujlwm; lawv tuaj yeem hloov kho cov cell membrane ntawm cov tsiaj hlwb kom tiv thaiv qog. Ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem faib cov sib xyaw ua ke nyob ntawm tus qauv. Piv txwv li, potassium chloride thiab sodium chloride tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov khoom sib xyaw vim tias lawv muaj qhov sib xws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws.
Isomer yog dab tsi?
Isomer yog ib lo lus uas hais txog cov tebchaw uas muaj cov qauv tshuaj zoo sib xws tab sis cov qauv sib txawv. Cov isomers tuaj yeem yog ions lossis molecules. Ib qho chaw uas muaj isomers sib txawv yog hu ua isomerism. Muaj ob hom isomerism: cov qauv isomerism thiab stereoisomerism.
Daim duab 02: Cov Qauv Isomers
Structural isomerism lossis kev cai lij choj isomerism yog cov cuab yeej ntawm kev sib txuas sib txawv ntawm cov atoms rau tib cov tshuaj formula. Piv txwv li, propanol thiab methoxyethane muaj tib yam tshuaj formula C3H8O, tab sis lawv muaj cov qauv sib txawv thiab cov pab pawg ua haujlwm sib txawv. Stereoisomers yog cov tebchaw uas muaj cov qauv tshuaj zoo sib xws, kev sib txuas zoo sib xws ntawm atoms tab sis txawv geometry. Muaj ob hom stereoisomers li enantiomers thiab diastereomers. Cov no yog sib txawv ntawm ib leeg, nyob ntawm seb muaj lossis tsis muaj chiral centres, tsis yog cov duab iav superposable, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Congener thiab Isomer yog dab tsi?
Cov ntsiab lus congener thiab isomer xa mus rau cov pab pawg ntawm cov tebchaw uas tau faib raws li lawv qhov sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm congener thiab isomer yog tias cov congeners xa mus rau cov tshuaj sib txuas uas muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws thiab cov khoom zoo sib xws, whereas isomers xa mus rau cov molecules uas muaj tib cov tshuaj formula tab sis cov qauv sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, congeners muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws, thaum isomers muaj cov qauv tshuaj zoo sib xws tab sis cov qauv sib txawv. Yog tias peb xav txog qee qhov piv txwv, potassium chloride thiab sodium chloride yog congeners hauv qhov muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov qauv, thaum cov cawv zoo sib xws hauv keeb kwm. Meanwhile, propanol thiab methoxyethane yog cov qauv isomers.
Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm congener thiab isomer.
Summary – Congener vs Isomer
Cov ntsiab lus congener thiab isomer xa mus rau cov pab pawg ntawm cov tebchaw uas tau muab faib raws li lawv qhov sib xws. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm congener thiab isomer yog tias lo lus congener yog hais txog cov tshuaj sib txuas uas muaj cov qauv zoo sib xws thiab cov khoom zoo sib xws, thaum lub sij hawm isomer yog hais txog cov molecules uas muaj tib cov tshuaj formula tab sis cov qauv sib txawv.
