Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov xov tooj sib nqus quantum thiab spin quantum tooj yog qhov sib nqus quantum tooj yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev sib txawv orbitals muaj nyob rau hauv subshells, whereas spin quantum tooj piav qhia lub zog, duab thiab kev taw qhia ntawm lub orbital.
Quantum tus lej yog ib txheej ntawm qhov tseem ceeb uas piav qhia txog lub xeev quantum tshwj xeeb ntawm ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lub atom. Muaj plaub tus lej tshwj xeeb quantum: tus thawj quantum tooj, angular quantum tooj, sib nqus quantum tooj thiab spin quantum tooj.
Magnetic Quantum Number yog dab tsi?
Magnetic quantum tooj sib txawv orbitals muaj nyob rau hauv subshells. Lub cim rau tus nqi no yog mi Raws li nws lub ntsiab lus, tus lej quantum no tau hais tias cov hluav taws xob hauv txhua lub subshell muaj cov lej quantum uas nyob ntawm -l txog +l ntxiv rau xoom. Yog li ntawd, s, p, d thiab f subshells muaj ntau tus lej ntawm orbitals. Cov lus hauv qab no qhia cov naj npawb ntawm cov orbitals nyob hauv txhua lub subshell.
| Subshell | Tus nqi rau tus lej sib nqus quantum | Ntau lub orbitals |
| s | mi=0 | 1 |
| p | mi=-1, 0, +1 | 3 |
| d | mi=-2, -1, 0, +1, +2 | 5 |
| f | mi=-3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3 | 7 |
Tus lej sib nqus quantum txiav txim siab lub zog hloov pauv ntawm lub orbital uas tshwm sim vim qhov chaw sib nqus siv sab nraud. Peb hu cov nyhuv no "Zeeman effect". Lub sijhawm sib nqus tiag tiag tshwm sim los ntawm ob yam: electron angular moment thiab electron spin, uas tau piav qhia los ntawm tus lej sib nqus quantum.
Dab tsi yog Spin Quantum Number?
Spin quantum tooj piav qhia lub zog, duab thiab kev taw qhia ntawm lub orbital. Lub cim rau tus nqi no yog "s". Lub spin quantum tooj yog ib qho parameter ntawm intrinsic angular momentum ntawm ib tug atom. Lub kiv puag ncig lub zog ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob hauv lub orbital yog muab raws li s=1/2.
Daim duab 02: Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Sab Nraud Sib Nqus Sab Nraud ntawm Electron
Ib lub orbital tuaj yeem muaj ob peb electrons; li no, ob lub electrons muaj s=-1/2 thiab s=+ 1/2 spin quantum tooj. Nws hais txog "spin-up" thiab "spin-down" orientations ntawm electrons. Tus lej quantum qhia txog lub xeev quantum ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb ntawm ib qho atom. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem muab "tag nrho spin quantum tooj" (S), uas ua ke cov kev sib tw ntawm ob peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis sib xws ntawm qee cov atoms.
Qhov txawv ntawm Magnetic Quantum Number thiab Spin Quantum Number yog dab tsi?
Quantum tus lej yog ib txheej ntawm qhov tseem ceeb uas piav qhia txog lub xeev quantum tshwj xeeb ntawm ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lub atom. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov xov tooj sib nqus quantum thiab spin quantum tooj yog qhov sib nqus quantum tooj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txawv orbitals muaj nyob rau hauv subshells, whereas spin quantum tooj piav qhia lub zog, duab thiab kev taw qhia ntawm orbital. Cov nqi sib nqus quantum yog muab raws li -l, 0 thiab +l. Lub cim rau tus nqi no yog mi Tab sis, tus lej quantum tau muab ua -1/2 thiab +1/2. Lub cim rau tus nqi no yog “s”.
Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm cov sib nqus quantum tooj thiab spin quantum tooj yog qhov sib nqus quantum tooj piav qhia txog lub zog hloov ntawm lub orbital uas tshwm sim vim qhov chaw sib nqus siv sab nraud, thaum tus naj npawb quantum tig piav qhia txog lub cev sab hauv. lub zog ntawm lub atom.
Summary – Sib Nqus Quantum Number vs Spin Quantum Number
Quantum tus lej yog ib txheej ntawm qhov tseem ceeb uas piav qhia txog lub xeev quantum tshwj xeeb ntawm ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lub atom. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov xov tooj sib nqus quantum thiab spin quantum tooj yog qhov sib nqus quantum tooj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txawv orbitals muaj nyob rau hauv subshells, whereas spin quantum tooj piav qhia lub zog, duab thiab kev taw qhia ntawm orbital.
