Qhov txawv ntawm ATPase thiab ATP Synthase

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov Tseem Ceeb - ATPase vs ATP Synthase

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) yog ib qho nyuaj organic molecule uas koom nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg. Nws yog hu ua "molecular unit ntawm txiaj" ntawm intracellular zog hloov. Nws muaj nyob hauv yuav luag txhua hom kev ua neej. Hauv cov metabolism, ATP yog noj los yog tsim tawm. Thaum ATP noj, lub zog raug tso tawm los ntawm kev hloov mus rau hauv ADP (adenosine diphosphate) thiab AMP (adenosine monophosphate) feem. Lub enzyme uas catalyzes cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qab no hu ua ATPase.

ATP → ADP + Pi + Zog raug tso tawm

Nyob rau hauv lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv metabolic uas suav nrog lub zog sab nraud, ATP yog tsim los ntawm ADP thiab AMP. Lub enzyme uas catalyzes cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qab no hu ua ATP Synthase.

ADP + Pi → ATP + Zog tau noj

Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ATPase thiab ATP Synthase yog, ATPase yog cov enzyme uas zom cov ATP molecules thaum ATP Synthase koom nrog hauv ATP ntau lawm.

ATPase yog dab tsi?

The ATPase lossis adenylpyrophosphatase (ATP hydrolase) yog cov enzyme uas decomposes ATP molecules rau hauv ADP thiab Pi (dawb phosphate ion). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv decomposition no tso tawm lub zog uas siv los ntawm lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv lub cell. ATPases yog cov chav kawm ntawm cov enzymes membrane. Lawv muaj cov tswv cuab sib txawv uas muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb xws li Na⁺/K^{+-ATPase, Proton-ATPase, V-ATPase, Hydrogen Potassium-ATPase, F-ATPase, thiab Calcium-ATPase. Cov enzymes no yog cov protein ntau transmembrane. Lub transmembrane ATPases txav cov kua dej hla cov kab mob lom neeg tawm tsam lawv cov concentration gradient feem ntau los ntawm kev noj cov ATP molecules. Yog li, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm ATPase enzyme cov neeg hauv tsev neeg yog txav cov cell metabolites hla cov kab mob lom thiab xa tawm cov co toxins, pov tseg thiab cov kuab tshuaj uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes.}

Ib qho piv txwv tseem ceeb heev yog Sodium / Potassium exchanger ATPase (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase) uas koom nrog hauv kev tswj cov cell membrane peev xwm. Hydrogen / Potassium ATPase (H⁺/P⁺-ATPase) acidifies lub plab uas tseem hu ua "pastric proton twj." Qee qhov ATPase enzymes ua haujlwm ua cotransporters thiab twj. Kev thauj mus los ua haujlwm yog kev txav ntawm cov molecules hla ib daim nyias nyias los ntawm thaj tsam qis dua mus rau thaj tsam siab dua ntawm cov molecules tawm tsam qhov concentration gradient. Secondary active tsheb thauj mus los muaj xws li electrochemical gradient. Cov cotransporters yog siv nyob rau hauv lub thib ob active kev thauj mus los ntawm molecules. The Na⁺/K^{+-ATPase is a well-known cotransporter which makes the net flow of charge.}

Qhov sib txawv ntawm ATPase thiab ATP Synthase

Daim duab 01: ATPase (Sodium-potassium pump)

ATPase Classification

Muaj ATPases sib txawv. Lawv txawv hauv kev ua haujlwm, qauv thiab cov ions uas lawv thauj. ATPases raug cais raws li hauv qab no,

F-ATPase - Nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob plasma membranes, mitochondria, thiab chloroplast. Cov dej-soluble feem ntawm F_{1 section hydrolyzes ATP.}
V-ATPase - Nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov vacuoles eukaryotic. Nws catalyzes ATP hydrolyzing nyob rau hauv organelles zoo li proton twj tso kua mis ntawm lysosome thauj solutes.
A-ATPase - Archaea muaj A-ATPase. Lawv ua haujlwm zoo li F-ATPase.
P-ATPase - Nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob, fungi thiab eukaryotic daim nyias nyias thiab organelles. Nws ua haujlwm raws li ion thauj khoom hla lub membrane.
E-ATPase - Lub cell nto enzyme cuam tshuam nrog hydrolyzing NTPS suav nrog extracellular ATP.

ATP Synthase yog dab tsi?

Qhov no yog cov enzyme uas tsim ATP (lub zog cia molecules). Tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas catalyzing ATP synthesis yog raws li hauv qab no, ADP + Pi + H⁺ (out) ⇌ ATP + H₂0 + H^+(hauv)

Qhov txawv ntawm ATPase thiab ATP Synthase

Daim duab 02: ATP synthase

Raws li qhov kev tawm tsam no tsis txaus siab (ATP los ntawm ADP) nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia rov qab. Nws muaj ob thaj chaw loj hauv cov qauv enzyme. Qhov no muaj cov qauv kev hloov lub cev muaj zog tso cai rau ATP ntau lawm. Lawv yog F1 (feem 1) cheeb tsam thiab F₀ (feem xoom) cheeb tsam. Vim hais tias ntawm no rotational mechanism (molecular tshuab) F₀ cheeb tsam tsav kev sib hloov ntawm F₁cheeb tsam. F₀ cheeb tsam muaj C-ntiv nplhaib thiab lwm yam subunits xws li a, b, d thiab F₆F₁ cheeb tsam muaj alpha, beta, gamma thiab delta subunits. F₁ thiab F_{0 sib sau ua ib txoj hauv kev rau proton txav mus thoob lub membrane. Lawv feem ntau tsim ntau ATP molecules hauv electron thauj saw los ntawm oxidative phosphorylation.}

Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm ATPase thiab ATP Synthase?

Ob leeg tswj hwm tus naj npawb ntawm ATP molecules hauv cell.
Ob leeg yog ntau subunits enzymes.
Ob leeg tuaj yeem tswj kev txav ntawm cov molecules hla lub membrane.
Ob leeg yog hnyav molecular hnyav enzymes.
Ob leeg yog cov enzymes uas yog cov protein hauv cov xwm txheej.

Qhov txawv ntawm ATPase thiab ATP Synthase yog dab tsi?

ATPase vs ATP Synthase
ATPase yog cov enzyme uas rhuav tshem ATP molecules.	ATP Synthase yog cov enzyme uas koom nrog ATP ntau lawm.
Reaction
ATPase catalyzes cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj zog (ATP rau ADP).	ATP Synthase catalyzes cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo (ADP rau ATP).
Free Phosphate ion
ATPase tsim cov phosphate ion dawb.	ATP Synthase noj dawb phosphate ion los tsim ATP.
Lub cev muaj zog rotor mechanism ntawm ATP tawg
ATPase tsis qhia "Lub cev muaj zog rotor mechanism" ntawm ATP tawg.	ATP Synthase qhia "Lub cev muaj zog rotor mechanism" ntawm ATP ntau lawm.
Reaction Type
ATPase koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam exothermic.	ATP Synthase koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv endothermic.

Summary – ATPase vs ATP Synthase

ATP ntau lawm thiab cov txheej txheem hydrolyzing muaj nyob hauv yuav luag txhua hom kev ua neej. Hauv cov metabolism hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lawv tau noj los yog rov tsim dua tshiab. Thaum lawv noj, lub zog tawm. ADP (adenosine diphosphate) thiab AMP (adenosine monophosphate) yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm ATP tawg. Lub enzyme catalyzing ATP cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj yog hu ua ATPase. Hauv lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv metabolic, ATP yog tsim los ntawm ADP thiab AMP. Lub enzyme catalyzing ATP ntau lawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hu ua ATP Synthase. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm ATPase thiab ATP Synthase.

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