Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Hapten vs Antigen
Immunology yog qhov dav dav uas qhia kom txheeb xyuas thiab ntsuas tus yam ntxwv uas lub cev ua haujlwm thaum raug lub cev txawv teb chaws thiab tiv thaiv nws tawm tsam kev cuam tshuam. Cov lus teb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib txawv, thiab cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv sib txawv tau tshawb pom los piav qhia qhov tshwm sim. Cov lus teb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob pib thaum tus tswv tsev kho mob txheeb xyuas cov kab mob tshwj xeeb, xov tooj ntawm tes lossis cov khoom ua ib qho chaw txawv teb chaws. Qhov kev lees paub no ua rau muaj ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv sib txawv kom txo qis lossis tshem tawm qhov chaw txawv teb chaws. Ib qho antigen yog ib lub cev txawv teb chaws los yog cov molecule, uas muaj peev xwm ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb txhawm rau rhuav tshem nws. Lub hapten yog lwm hom antigen thiab yog li ntawd, ua raws li qhov chaw lees paub txawv teb chaws uas khi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Antigen thiab Hapten yog lub peev xwm thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Antigens muaj peev xwm ua tau immunogenic thaum haptens tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau immunogenic.
Hapten yog dab tsi?
Haptens yog cov khoom hnyav me me uas tsis yog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov xwm txheej tab sis yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qhov xwm txheej. Qhov no qhia tau tias tus hapten tsuas tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb tab sis tsis tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Txhawm rau ua kom nws immunogenic, lub hapten yuav tsum tau sib txuas nrog cov cab kuj tsim nyog. Yog li ntawd, ib qho hapten yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsis tiav antigen. Cov cab kuj uas lub hapten txuas los yog ua raws li feem ntau yog cov protein xws li albumin los ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus. Tus cab kuj zoo kawg nkaus tsis elicit ib qho kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis ob qho tib si tus hapten thiab tus cab kuj tuaj yeem ua tau antigenic.
Daim duab 02: Happten
Lub tswvyim ntawm haptens tau qhia los ntawm Landsteiner. Lub tswv yim ntawm haptens tam sim no tau siv dav hauv kev tsim tshuaj thiab hauv kev tshuaj xyuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv. Ntau cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj loog yog tsim los ua haptens, thiab cov piv txwv classic yog kev loj hlob ntawm penicillin. Thaum tsim penicillin, cov metabolites loj uas yuav tsum tau ua yog txuas nrog cov proteins los ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob immunogenic.
Antigen yog dab tsi?
Antigens yog qhov chaw paub txog molecular ntawm ntau cov kab mob, cov kab mob, cov kab mob, cov plua plav thiab lwm cov cellular thiab tsis yog cellular uas tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm tus tswv tsev tiv thaiv kab mob. Feem ntau cov antigens muaj nyob rau ntawm lub cell. Chemically antigens tuaj yeem yog cov proteins, amino acids, lipids, glycolipids lossis glycoproteins lossis cov cim nucleic acid. Cov molecules no muaj peev xwm coj tau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv tus tswv tsev. Qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob no yog coj los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raws li qhov sib thooj. Yog li, cov antigens muaj ob lub zog ntawm kev ua antigenic thiab immunogenic.
Daim duab 01: Antigens
Antigens feem ntau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov B lymphocytes uas ua rau muaj ntau hom immunoglobulins nyob ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tam sim no, lawv khi rau cov antigen ntawm lub chaw txawv teb chaws. Ua raws li cov txheej txheem kev khi tshwj xeeb, lawv tsim cov complexes, thiab cov khoom txawv teb chaws raug rhuav tshem los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv xws li agglutination, nag lossis daus los tua ncaj qha. Kev khi ntawm antigen rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kuj tuaj yeem ua rau T lymphocyte kev ua ub no ntxiv txhawb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov no ua rau kev ua kom phagocytic mechanisms thiab yog li, ua tiav degradation ntawm txawv teb chaws particle.
Antigens tam sim no tau tsim los hauv cov kab mob vitro thiab siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem kuaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob xws li Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no tau siv dav hauv kev kuaj mob molecular ntawm kev noj qab haus huv tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim muaj kab mob sib kis lossis tsis sib kis.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Hapten thiab Antigen?
- Ob leeg yog antigenic.
- Ob leeg muaj nyob rau sab nraud ntawm tes ntawm cov kab mob microbial thiab lwm tus neeg ua haujlwm.
- Ob leeg tsim ib feem ntawm kev tiv thaiv mechanism ntawm antigen thiab antibody.
- Ob leeg muaj peev xwm khi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Ob leeg khi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev sib txuas tsis muaj zog xws li kev sib cuam tshuam ionic, H bonding thiab hydrophobic interactions.
Qhov txawv ntawm Hapten thiab Antigen yog dab tsi?
Hapten vs Antigen |
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| A hapten yog ib qho molecule lossis qhov chaw lees paub txawv teb chaws uas khi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tab sis tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. | Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv yog lub cev txawv teb chaws lossis cov molecule, uas muaj peev xwm ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev khi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv |
| Hapten khi rau ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv tab sis tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. | Antigen ncaj qha khi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsim tawm thiab pib ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. |
| Reaction type | |
| Hapten cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob xwb. | Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antigen yog antigenic thiab immunogenic. |
| Kev sib txuas nrog cov neeg nqa khoom protiens | |
| Haptens conjugate nrog cov cab kuj molecules ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus. | Antigens tsis sib txuas nrog cov cab kuj molecule. |
| Uss | |
| Haptens yog siv rau hauv tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj loog tsim. | Antigens yog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem vitro xws li ELISA thiab hauv cov hom phiaj tshuaj. |
Summary – Hapten vs Antigen
Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv yog lub cev txawv teb chaws lossis cov molecule, uas muaj peev xwm ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb txhawm rau rhuav tshem nws. Hapten yog ib qho tsis tiav antigen uas tsis yog thawj zaug immunogenic. Ob leeg antigens thiab haptens muaj peev xwm khi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis tsuas yog cov antigens muaj peev xwm tsim tau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, haptens yuav tsum tau ua immunogenic los ntawm conjugating nws nrog ib tug cab kuj molecule xws li ib tug protein. Ob lub molecules no muaj kev siv dav hauv ob qho tib si hauv vitro thiab hauv vivo cov xwm txheej. Cov no yog qhov txawv ntawm hapten thiab antigen.
Download PDF Version ntawm Qhov Sib Txawv Ntawm Hapten vs Antigen
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