Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Proteasome vs Protease
Proteolysis yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov protein biomolecules rau hauv cov polypeptides me los yog ib tus neeg amino acids. Lub uncatalysed tshwm sim ntawm hydrolysis ntawm peptide bonds qeeb heev. Thiab nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau pua xyoo kom ua tiav tag nrho. Feem ntau, cov enzymes koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog ob hom; Proteasome complexes thiab Proteases. Lwm yam tshaj li cov molecules, pH tsawg, kub thiab intra molecular digestion kuj cuam tshuam rau proteolysis ntawm protein molecules. Proteolysis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm sib txawv hauv cov kab mob muaj sia. Piv txwv li, cov enzymes digestive zom cov zaub mov rau hauv ib tus neeg cov amino acids uas tau siv tom qab los ua lub zog los ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Ntawm qhov tod tes, proteolysis yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua cov khoom sib txuas ntawm polypeptide uas twb muaj lawm los tsim cov active protein molecule. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ib co cellular thiab physiological txheej txheem xws li tiv thaiv tsub zuj zuj ntawm ib co pliaj proteins nyob rau hauv lub cell. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm proteasome thiab protease yog, proteasome koom nrog hauv kev nthuav tawm cov protein molecules thaum proteases rhuav tshem cov proteins rau hauv cov amino acids.
YProteasome yog dab tsi?
Cov proteasomes yog cov proteins uas muaj cylindrical uas muaj plaub pawg, xya lub nplhaib. Lawv feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv cytosol. Ob lub nplhaib sab nraud yog hu ua alpha subunit thiab pom tias tsis ua haujlwm. Ob lub nplhaib sab hauv yog hu ua beta subunit thiab lawv yog proteolytically nquag. Proteasomes tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si archaeal kab mob thiab cov kab mob eukaryotic. Lub eukaryotic 26S proteasome muaj ib tug core particle (20S) uas yog tsim los ntawm xya alpha subunits thiab xya beta subunits. Nws kuj tseem muaj cov cai tswj hwm (19S) uas yog tsim los ntawm tsawg kawg 17 subunits. 26S proteasome yog koom nrog hauv ubiquitin qhia kev nthuav tawm thiab proteolysis hauv eukaryotic nyob cell. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem no, E1 enzyme activates ubiquitin molecule ua ntej thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau E2 enzyme. Thiab thaum kawg no ubiquitin molecule txuas mus rau lysine residue ntawm cov protein molecule kom degraded los ntawm E3 ligase enzyme. Tom qab ntawd cov ubiquitin molecule tau qhia qhov kev lees paub ntawm tus chij cov protein kom degraded los ntawm proteasome.
Daim duab 01: Proteasome
Lub 26S proteasome yog tsim los ntawm ob lub 19S kev cai lub kaus mom thiab ib qho 20S core particle. Lub kaus mom 19S lees paub thiab khi nrog cov protein ntau, uas siv los ntawm ATP molecules. Thaum pom tau hais tias, tus chij cov protein yuav tsum de ubiquitinated thiab nthuav tawm kom dhau los ntawm txoj kev nqaim ntawm 19S thiab nkag mus rau 20S core ntawm cylindrical proteasome complex. Nyob rau hauv lub 20S core ntawm lub complex nws ua tau lub chopping ntawm cov protein molecule rau hauv me me polypeptides. Cov txheej txheem no uas tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem proteasome yog lub zog poob haujlwm vim nws yog catalysed los ntawm ATP molecules.
Proteases yog dab tsi?
Proteases hu ua peptidases lossis proteinases uas koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm proteolysis. Tsis zoo li proteasome complex, cov proteases qhia cov protein molecule rau hauv ib tus neeg cov amino acids li no, ua tiav txoj haujlwm hauv proteolysis. Cov proteases muaj nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj, nroj tsuag, archaea, kab mob thiab kab mob.
Daim duab 02: Protease
Cov chav sib txawv ntawm cov proteases tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tib yam nrog cov txheej txheem catalytic sib txawv. Proteases koom nrog hauv kev ua cov protein, kev zom zaub mov, photosynthesis, apoptosis, kab mob pathogenesis thiab lwm yam haujlwm tseem ceeb. Hauv cov txheej txheem proteolysis lawv hloov cov protein kom degraded tag nrho rau hauv cov amino acids. Lwm yam tshaj li kev zom plab proteases kuj koom nrog hauv cov ntshav coagulation, kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm, kev loj hlob ntawm prohormones, tsim cov pob txha thiab rov ua dua cov proteins uas tsis xav tau ntxiv los ntawm cov cell nyob.
Xya Yam Proteases
Raws li catalytic domain proteases yog xya hom,
- Serine proteases - Siv serine cawv pawg
- Cysteine proteases - Siv cycteine thiol pawg
- Threonine proteases - Siv threonine thib ob cawv
- Aspartic protease - Siv aspartate carboxylic pawg
- Glutamic proteases - Siv glutamate carboxylic acid
- Metalloproteases - Siv hlau feem ntau "Zn"
- Asparagine peptide lyases - Siv asparagines
Qhov Zoo sib xws ntawm Proteasome thiab Protease yog dab tsi?
- ob leeg yog cov protein biomolecules.
- Ob leeg muaj peev xwm catalytic thiab enzymatic.
- Ob leeg koom nrog hauv txoj hauv kev ntawm cov protein degradation.
- Ob qho tib si catalyze ATP nyob ntawm lub zog tiv thaiv.
- Ob leeg pom nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua yam kab mob (tsiaj, nroj tsuag, kab mob, archaea thiab kab mob).
Qhov txawv ntawm Proteasome thiab Protease yog dab tsi?
Proteasome vs Protease |
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| Proteasome yog cov protein ntau uas ua rau cov proteins uas tsis xav tau lossis puas tsuaj los ntawm proteolysis. | Protease yog ib qho enzyme uas zom cov proteins thiab peptides. |
| qauv | |
| Proteasome yog cov molecule loj dua nrog cov tub ntxhais particle thiab kev tswj lub hau. | Proteases kuj me me nrog catalytic domain. |
| Protein nthuav tawm thiab ua ntej cleavage yog cov haujlwm ntawm proteasomes. | Ua tiav cleavage ntawm protein molecule rau hauv tus kheej cov amino acids yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm proteases. |
| Ubiquitin Kev vam meej | |
| Proteasome nyob ntawm ubiquitin rau nws cov haujlwm (ubiquitin qhia). | Proteases tsis nyob ntawm ubiquitin rau nws txoj haujlwm. |
| pH kev vam meej | |
| Proteasome tsis nyob ntawm pH rau nws txoj haujlwm. | Proteases nyob ntawm pH rau nws txoj haujlwm. |
| Molecular Luj | |
| Proteasomes yog siab molecular hnyav molecules. | Proteases muaj cov molecular hnyav molecules. |
Summary – Proteasome vs Protease
Proteolysis yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov protein biomolecule protein rau hauv cov polypeptides me los yog ib tus neeg amino acids. Feem ntau, cov enzymes koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog ob hom, 1. Proteasome complex 2. Proteases. Lwm yam tshaj li cov protein molecules qhov pH qis, qhov kub thiab txias thiab kev zom zaub mov hauv lub cev kuj ua rau cov protein ntau molecules. Proteasome suav nrog hauv cov protein nthuav tawm thiab ua ntej cleavage. Ntawm qhov tod tes, proteases ua tiav qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov protein molecule rau hauv ib tus neeg cov amino acids. Qhov no tuaj yeem raug coj los ua qhov sib txawv ntawm Proteasome thiab Protease.
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Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li daim ntawv ceeb toom. Thov download PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv Ntawm Proteasome thiab Protease
