Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm genotoxicity thiab mutagenicity yog tias genotoxicity yog lub peev xwm ntawm ib yam khoom los ua toxicity ntawm DNA / genetic khoom ntawm ib lub xovtooj thaum mutagenicity yog lub peev xwm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev los ua kev hloov.
Genotoxicity thiab mutagenicity yog ob lo lus zoo sib xws, feem ntau txhais tsis raug thiab siv sib hloov los ntawm tib neeg. Genotoxicity yog cov tshuaj lom neeg tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj los yog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov noob los yog DNA ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Yog li, cov tshuaj uas muaj cov nyhuv genotoxic yog genotoxin. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, mutagenicity yog lub peev xwm ntawm ib yam khoom ua rau los yog induce mutations. Cov tshuaj genotoxic tsis tas yuav yog cov tshuaj mutagenic. Lawv tuaj yeem yog mutagens. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm mutagenic yog genotoxic vim lawv muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov khoom siv ntawm tes.
Dab tsi yog Genotoxicity?
Genotoxicity yog lub peev xwm ntawm ib yam khoom los tsim toxicity ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm tes, ua rau feem ntau pib mob qog noj ntshav. Cov tshuaj genotoxic tuaj yeem yog cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov noob caj ces, ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv caj ces. Yog tias genotoxin cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm lub hlwb somatic, nws yuav tsis yog los ntawm noob neej. Hauv qhov sib piv, yog tias cov nyhuv genotoxic ua rau cov kab mob, nws tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm noob neej. Cov nyhuv genotoxic tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm DNA kho cov txheej txheem, feem ntau enzyme kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li genotoxicity, cov hlwb yuav raug apoptosis.
Daim duab 01: Genotoxic Damage
DNA kev puas tsuaj los ntawm genotoxins tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev siv DNA sib txawv. Kev puas tsuaj DNA feem ntau suav nrog kev tshem tawm, kev tso tawm, kev sib tsoo ob zaug, chromosomal aberrations, thiab kev sib txuas. Deletions thiab insertions hais txog kev tshem tawm thiab ntxiv ntawm cov hauv paus khub, feem. Ntxiv mus, ob-stranded so ua nicks nyob rau hauv ob-stranded DNA, yog li tsim fragments ntawm DNA. Chromosomal aberrations, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog cov teebmeem loj loj uas tuaj yeem txhim kho mus rau hauv cov kev hloov pauv hauv ploidy. Cov kab hluav taws xob thiab tshuaj lom neeg xws li alkylating agents, nitric oxides, base analogues, intercalating agents are common genotoxins.
Kev Mutagenicity yog dab tsi?
Mutagenicity yog lub peev xwm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev los txhawb kev hloov pauv. Kev hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv mus tas li hauv DNA uas ua rau muaj qhov txawv txav txawv yog tias tsis kho. Cov tshuaj los yog tshuaj uas ua rau kev hloov pauv yog mutagens. Raws li tau hais los saum no, mutagens yog genotoxins. Ntxiv mus, mutagens tuaj yeem yog lub cev, lom neeg lossis tshuaj lom neeg. Lub cev mutagens feem ntau suav nrog ntau hom hluav taws xob sib txawv. Nws tuaj yeem yog ionizing lossis tsis-ionizing hluav taws xob. Cov hluav taws xob no cuam tshuam cov qauv ntawm ob lub helix ntawm DNA, ua rau kev hloov pauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov mutagens lom muaj xws li ntau yam kab mob uas kis tau cov hlwb thiab tua DNA. Yog li ntawd, cov kab mob no muaj peev xwm koom nrog lawv cov DNA rau hauv tus tswv tsev, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv. Chemical mutagens, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj xws li cov analogues, nitric oxide hom, intercalating agents uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv ntawm DNA ib ntus. Lawv ua rau tsim cov chaw apuric thiab apyrimidinic, tsim kev hloov pauv hauv DNA.
Daim duab 02: Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm Mutagen
Lub peev xwm rau mutagenicity txo qis nrog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm DNA kho enzymes thiab kho cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm hauv lub cell. Txwv tsis pub, kev hloov pauv yuav ua rau mob qog noj ntshav, kab mob caj ces thiab ntau yam teeb meem.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Genotoxicity thiab Mutagenicity?
- Genotoxicity thiab mutagenicity yog ob qhov tshwm sim uas cuam tshuam cov noob lossis DNA ntawm cov kab mob.
- Ob leeg muaj peev xwm hloov cov genetic khoom ntawm ib tug cell.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev ntawm txhua qhov cuam tshuam.
- Genotoxin tej zaum yuav yog mutagen los yog tsis, tab sis tag nrho cov mutagens yog genotoxins.
- Ob leeg mutagenicity thiab genotoxicity tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm kev ua ntawm DNA kho enzymes thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm hauv cell.
- Ob leeg tuaj yeem ua rau qhov pib mob qog noj ntshav thiab lwm yam DNA raws cov kab mob caj ces.
Qhov txawv ntawm Genotoxicity thiab Mutagenicity yog dab tsi?
Genotoxicity thiab mutagenicity yog ob nqe lus qee zaum siv sib hloov. Txawm li cas los xij, genotoxicity yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev lossis cov tshuaj lom neeg los ua cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm tes thaum mutagenicity yog cov cuab yeej ntawm tus neeg sawv cev lossis cov khoom tsim los tsim lossis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv DNA. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm genotoxicity thiab mutagenicity.
Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias thaum tag nrho cov mutagens yog genotoxic, tsis yog tag nrho cov genotoxic tshuaj yog mutagenic vim genotoxins tej zaum yuav mutagens, carcinogens los yog teratogens.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm genotoxicity thiab mutagenicity.
Summary – Genotoxicity vs Mutagenicity
Ob leeg genotoxicity thiab mutagenicity feem ntau hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev los hloov DNA ntawm ib lub xovtooj, ua rau sib txawv chromosomal aberrations thiab mutations. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev nkag siab tob, genotoxicity yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev los hloov cov qauv, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, lossis kev sib cais ntawm DNA thaum kev hloov pauv yog hais txog cov cuab yeej ntawm tus neeg sawv cev los txhawb kev hloov caj ces. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm genotoxicity thiab mutagenicity. Tsis tas li ntawd, genotoxicity tsis tas yuav cuam tshuam nrog mutagenicity. Genotoxins tuaj yeem yog carcinogens lossis teratogens es tsis txhob mutagens. Tab sis, tag nrho cov mutagens yog genotoxins.
