Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm NAD thiab NADP yog NAD muaj ob pawg phosphate, thaum NADP muaj peb pawg phosphate.
ATP yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws molecule uas ua raws li lub zog thoob ntiaj teb txiaj ntawm tes. Tsis tas li ntawd, NAD thiab NADP molecules yog cov paub zoo cofactors lossis coenzymes koom nrog hauv cellular metabolism, thiab lawv ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv metabolic raws li cov teeb liab transducers. NAD thiab NADP yog pyridine nucleotides uas muaj ob nucleotides, adenine puag, thiab nicotinamide. Txawm hais tias NAD thiab NADP yog cov txheeb ze, lawv muaj qee qhov sib txawv, raws li tau tham hauv kab lus no. Tus qauv tsim, NADP muaj ib pab pawg phosphate ntxiv dua li NAD.
NAD yog dab tsi?
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws coenzymes pom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nyob hlwb. Raws li txoj cai, nws muaj ob nucleotides koom nrog lawv pawg phosphate, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 01. Ib nucleotide muaj ib pawg adenine, thaum lwm cov nucleotide muaj nicotinamide. Muaj ob txoj kev paub NAD biosynthetic. Txoj kev denovo synthesizes NAD+ los ntawm aspartate thiab dihydroxyacetone phosphate los yog los ntawm tryptophan. Ntawm qhov tod tes, txoj kev khaws cia siv cov khoom degradation - nicotinic acid thiab nicotinamide - los tsim NAD+ Cov haujlwm ntawm NAD hauv cov metabolism yog ua tus pub ntawm ADP ribose moieties hauv ADP ribosylation, raws li ib tug coenzyme nyob rau hauv redox cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, raws li ib tug precursor ntawm lub thib ob messenger molecule cyclic ADP-ribose, thiab raws li ib tug substrate rau cov kab mob DNA ligases.
Figure 01: NAD
Ntxiv mus, thaum lub sijhawm redox cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, NAD hloov nws daim ntawv txo NADP thiab oxidized daim ntawv NAD+. Tsis tas li ntawd, NAD muaj qhov hnyav molecular tsawg dua li nws cov txheeb ze NADP. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, NAD tsis muaj pab pawg thib peb phosphate tam sim no hauv NADP.
NADP yog dab tsi?
NADP yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov hlwb nyob uas feem ntau koom nrog cov metabolism hauv anabolic. NADP muaj nyob rau hauv ob daim ntawv: oxidized daim ntawv NADP + thiab txo daim ntawv NADPH. Ntxiv mus, NADP synthesis tshwm sim ntawm phosphorylation ntawm NAD los ntawm NADK (NAD Kinase).
Figure 02: NADP
Nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb molecule ntawm lub cellular oxidative tiv thaiv system thiab reductive synthesis. NADP molecules ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm lub pas dej kom txo tau qhov sib npaug uas yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj oxidative thiab rau lwm yam kev cuam tshuam detoxifying. NADPH system tuaj yeem tsim cov dawb radicals hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob uas yog qhov tseem ceeb los rhuav tshem cov kab mob hauv lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, NADP molecules koom nrog hauv txoj hauv kev metabolic xws li lipid thiab cov roj cholesterol synthesis, thiab fatty acid elongation hauv cov tsiaj hlwb.
Nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab lwm yam kab mob photosynthetic, NADPH synthesis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xeem kauj ruam ntawm lub electron saw ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm photosynthesis los ntawm ferredoxin-NADP + reductase enzyme. Cov NADP no ces ua hauj lwm raws li qhov txo hwj chim nyob rau hauv Calvin voj voog kom assimilate carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm NAD thiab NADP?
- NAD thiab NADP yog ob co-enzymes.
- Lawv koom nrog hauv cellular metabolism.
- Tsis tas li, ob qho tib si ua haujlwm ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
- Thiab, lawv tuaj yeem oxidize thiab txo. Li no, lawv koom nrog hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox ntawm cov hlwb.
- Ob leeg muaj ob nucleotides koom ua ke ntawm phosphate pawg.
Qhov txawv ntawm NAD thiab NADP yog dab tsi?
NAD thiab NADP yog cov txheeb ze coenzymes. NAD yog ib qho coenzyme ntawm cov hlwb nyob uas koom nrog feem ntau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox ntawm cellular respiration. Ntawm qhov tod tes, NADP yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb coenzyme uas feem ntau koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox ntawm anabolic metabolism. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm NAD thiab NADP.
Ntxiv mus, NADP muaj pab pawg phosphate ntxiv thaum pab pawg phosphate ntxiv no tsis nyob hauv NAD molecule. Yog li, nws kuj yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm NAD thiab NADP. Tsis tas li ntawd, NAD ntau lawm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev 'de novo' los ntawm cov amino acids los yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev khaws cia los ntawm nicotinamide rov qab mus rau NAD. Ntawm qhov tod tes, NADP biosynthesis xav tau phosphorylation ntawm NAD catalyzed los ntawm NAD kinase. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem xav txog qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm NAD thiab NADP.
Cov hauv qab no infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm NAD thiab NADP.
Summary – NAD vs NADP
NAD thiab NADP yog ob qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws co-enzymes hauv cov hlwb. Lawv koom nrog hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox (oxidation thiab txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv). Yog li, ob qho tib si muaj nyob rau hauv ob hom. Daim ntawv oxidized ntawm NAD yog NAD+ thaum daim ntawv oxidized ntawm NADP yog NADP+ Ntawm qhov tod tes, daim ntawv txo ntawm NAD yog NADP, thaum daim ntawv txo qis ntawm NADP yog NADPH. Ob leeg muaj ob nucleotides koom ua ke. Tab sis, NADP muaj ib pab pawg phosphate ntxiv piv rau NAD. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm NAD thiab NADP.
