Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ester thiab ether yog tias pawg ua haujlwm ntawm ester yog -COO, thaum pawg ua haujlwm ntawm ether yog -O-.
Ester thiab ether yog cov organic molecules nrog oxygen atoms. Esters muaj pab pawg -COO. Ntawm no, ib qho oxygen atom yog sib koom nrog cov pa roj carbon nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus, thiab lwm cov pa oxygen yog sib koom nrog ib daim ntawv cog lus. Txij li thaum tsuas yog peb lub atom txuas nrog cov pa roj carbon atom, nws muaj trigonal planar geometry nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pa roj carbon atom yog sp2 hybridized. Ntxiv mus, ib qho ester yog carboxylic acid derivative. Ib qho ether, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj oxygen atom nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus nrog ob pawg alkyl lossis aryl. Lub atom oxygen muaj ob leeg electron ib yam nkaus.
Ester yog dab tsi?
Ib ester yog cov organic compound uas tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm oxoacid nrog hydroxyl compound (xws li cawv thiab phenol). Nws zoo li carboxylic acid uas muaj nws cov hydrogen atom ntawm -COOH pab pawg hloov los ntawm ib pawg alkyl lossis aryl. Esters yog polar molecules, tab sis lawv cov ntsiab lus kub yog qis dua li cov carboxylic acids ntawm qhov hnyav zoo sib xws. Nws yog vim esters tsis tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds ntawm lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds ntawm lawv cov pa atoms thiab hydrogen atoms ntawm dej molecules. Yog li, esters yog me ntsis soluble hauv dej.
Daim duab 01: Cov qauv dav dav ntawm tus Ester
Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho ester muaj cov ntxhiab tsw qab, uas txawv ntawm cov carboxylic acid sib xws (acids feem ntau muaj qhov tsis hnov tsw). Qhov tseeb, cov esters no yog vim li cas rau qhov tsw ntawm ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo; Piv txwv li, pineapple tau txais nws cov ntxhiab los ntawm ethyl ethanoate. Thiab, qhov tshwm sim no tau coj mus rau kev siv esters hauv kev lag luam khoom noj.
Txawm li cas los xij, esters peb siv rau hauv ib qho khoom lag luam kom tau txais qhov xav tau ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis yog tib qho chaw uas muaj nyob rau hauv ntuj tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, esters tuaj yeem tsim tib lub saj thiab tsw. Ntxiv mus, txawm hais tias qhov sib xyaw tsis zoo ib yam li hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nws tsis muaj kev phom sij rau noj cov khoom noj no vim cov qauv ntawm cov ester zoo ib yam li cov natural compound.
Ether yog dab tsi
Ib qho ether yog cov organic compound uas muaj cov pa atom khi rau ob pawg alkyl lossis aryl. Peb tuaj yeem hu ua ether yooj yim li alkyl ethers vim tias lawv muaj ob pawg alkyl me me txuas rau lub atom oxygen. Hauv nws lub npe, peb yuav tsum sau cov pab pawg alkyl hauv cov ntawv sau thiab ntxiv lo lus "ether" thaum kawg. Piv txwv li, yog tias ib qho ether muaj ib pawg methyl thiab ib pawg n-butyl sib txuas rau cov pa atom, peb hu nws ua "n-butylmethyl ether".
Ethers tuaj yeem yaj ntau yam ntawm cov polar thiab nonpolar compounds. Nws feem ntau yog vim ethers tsis muaj hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus network uas yuav tsum tau tawg thiaj li yuav yaj cov kua. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj tsis muaj polar zoo li yaj hauv diethyl ether zoo dua li cawv.
Daim duab 02: Cov qauv dav dav ntawm Ether
Hauv cov qauv dav dav ntawm ether, cov pa oxygen muaj sp 3 hybridization, thiab ob leeg ib leeg yog nyob rau hauv ob lub hybridized orbitals thaum ob koom ua ke nrog R pawg. R-O-R 'lub kaum sab xis yog hais txog 104.5 °, uas zoo ib yam li dej. Cov ntsiab lus boiling ntawm ethers yog roughly piv nrog cov hydrocarbons nrog tib lub cev hnyav, tab sis cov ntsiab lus boiling ntawm ethers yog tsawg tshaj li tus nqi ntawm cawv. Txawm hais tias ethers tsis tuaj yeem ua hydrogen bonds hauv lawv, lawv muaj peev xwm tsim hydrogen bonds nrog lwm cov tebchaw xws li dej. Yog li, ethers yog soluble hauv dej, tab sis cov solubility yuav txo qis nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm hydrocarbon chains txuas.
Qhov txawv ntawm Ester thiab Ether yog dab tsi?
Ib ester yog cov organic compound tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm oxoacid nrog hydroxyl compound. Ib qho ether, nyob rau hauv sib piv, yog cov organic compound uas muaj cov pa atom khi rau ob pawg alkyl lossis aryl. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ester thiab ether yog cov pab pawg ua haujlwm ntawm ester yog -COO, thaum pab pawg ua haujlwm ntawm ether yog -O-. Cov tshuaj formula ntawm ester thiab ether yog RC (=O) LOSSIS 'thiab R-O-R', feem. Ntxiv mus, lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ester thiab ether yog tias ester muaj pawg carbonyl hauv nws pawg ua haujlwm uas ether tsis.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, esters muaj ntxhiab tsw qab, thaum ether muaj ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab tsw. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem xav txog qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm ester thiab ether. Tsis tas li, esters muaj cov ntsiab lus kub qis dua li carboxylic acids thiab cawv ntawm tib qhov hnyav thaum ether muaj cov ntsiab lus kub qis dua esters, carboxylic acids, thiab cawv ntawm tib qhov hnyav.
Summary – Ester vs Ether
Ib ester yog ib qho organic compound uas tsim los ntawm reacting oxoacid nrog hydroxyl compound. Ib qho ether, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog cov organic compound uas muaj oxygen atom khi rau ob pawg alkyl lossis aryl. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ester thiab ether yog tias pawg ua haujlwm ntawm ester yog -COO, thaum pawg ua haujlwm ntawm ether yog -O-.
