Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ether thiab roj av ether yog ether yog cov organic compound nrog -O- ether txuas thaum roj av ether yog sib xyaw ntawm hydrocarbon compounds.
Ntau tus neeg pom cov ntsiab lus ether thiab roj av ether tsis meej pem vim qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov npe. Txawm hais tias lawv cov npe zoo sib xws thiab ob qho tib si yog kua, lawv yog cov tshuaj sib txawv thiab muaj kev siv sib txawv. Yog li, kab lus no tshawb txog qhov sib txawv ntawm ether thiab roj av ether.
Ether yog dab tsi?
Ib qho ether yog cov organic molecule uas muaj cov pa atom khi rau ob lub atoms ntawm ob sab. Yog li ntawd, ether yog ib hom ntawm cov organic molecule uas ob pawg alkyl, aryl pawg, los yog ib pawg alkyl thiab ib pawg aryl, txuas rau ob sab ntawm cov pa atom. Nyob ntawm R pawg, muaj ob hom ethers ua symmetrical thiab unsymmetrical ethers. Yog tias ob pawg R zoo sib xws, ces cov molecule yog symmetrical; Yog hais tias ob qho tib si txawv, nws yog unsymmetrical. Piv txwv li, dimethylether yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ether nrog cov qauv CH3-O-CH3. Nws yog symmetrical molecule.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pa atom hauv ether muaj sp 3 hybridization. Ntawm cov plaub electron khub, ob leeg ib leeg yog nyob rau hauv ob hybridized orbitals thaum lwm tus ob electron khub koom nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog R pawg. R-O-R daim ntawv cog lus lub kaum sab xis yog li 104.5 °, uas zoo ib yam li dej. Ntxiv mus, cov ntsiab lus kub ntawm ethers yog kwv yees piv nrog cov hydrocarbons nrog tib lub cev hnyav, tab sis qis dua li cov cawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm tias ethers tsis tuaj yeem ua hydrogen bonds nyob rau hauv lawv, lawv muaj peev xwm tsim hydrogen bonds nrog lwm cov tebchaw xws li dej. Yog li ntawd, qhov no compound yog soluble nyob rau hauv dej. Tab sis, qhov solubility yuav txo qis nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov hlua khi hydrocarbon txuas.
Thaum muaj dialkyl ethers, lawv hnov mob nrog cov reagents tsawg heev uas tsis yog acids. Cov chaw reactive yog C-H daim ntawv cog lus ntawm pawg alkyl thiab -o- pab pawg ntawm ether txuas.
Daim duab 1: Cov qauv dav dav ntawm Ether Molecule
Kev tsim khoom ntawm Ether
Peb tuaj yeem tsim cov ether los ntawm kev ua kom lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cov cawv. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub qis dua li lub cev qhuav dej rau alkene. Tsis tas li ntawd, Williamson synthesis yog lwm txoj hauv kev los tsim cov ethers tsis sib xws. Cov synthesis tshwm sim ntawm sodium alkoxide thiab alkyl halide, alkyl sulfonate los yog alkyl sulfate.
Petroleum Ether yog dab tsi?
Petroleum ether yog sib xyaw ntawm hydrocarbon compounds. Txawm hais tias nws lub npe hais tias ether, nws tsis muaj kev sib txuas nrog ether txuas. Nws yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm roj refining txheej txheem. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho hluav taws kub heev thiab volatile kua thiab tsis muaj xim. Tsis tas li, nws yog cov kuab tshuaj tsis muaj polar.
Daim duab 2: Ib Lub raj mis ntawm Petroleum Ether
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib xyaw no yog 60 o C. Nws lub ntiajteb txawj nqus yog 0.7, uas yog tsawg tshaj li cov dej. Cov tshuaj no tseem hu ua benzine lossis ligroin. Petroleum ether yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv chav kuaj ua cov kuab tshuaj.
Qhov txawv ntawm Ether thiab Petroleum Ether yog dab tsi?
Ether yog cov organic molecule uas muaj cov pa roj carbon, hydrogen thiab oxygen atoms thaum roj av ether yog sib xyaw ntawm hydrocarbons. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ether thiab roj av ether yog ether yog ib qho organic compound nrog -O- ether txuas, thaum roj av ether yog sib xyaw ntawm hydrocarbon tebchaw. Ntxiv mus, ether molecules tseem ceeb muaj ether linkage, whereas petroleum ether tsis muaj xws li linkages txhua.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ether thiab roj av ether hauv lawv qhov ntau lawm. Petroleum ether yog cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov txheej txheem roj av refining, tab sis ether yog tsim los ntawm kev ua kom lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cov cawv. Thaum xav txog cov dej solubility, qee cov ether molecules tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds nrog dej molecules thiab yog dej soluble whereas petroleum ether yeej tsis tsim hydrogen bonds, thiab yog dej insoluble. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm ether thiab roj av ether.
Summary – Ether vs Petroleum Ether
Ether thiab roj av ether muaj cov npe zoo sib xws, tab sis lawv txawv kiag li hauv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ether thiab roj av ether yog ether yog cov organic compound nrog -O- ether txuas, thaum roj av ether yog sib xyaw ntawm hydrocarbon compounds.
