Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej hnyav thiab dej teeb yog cov dej hnyav muaj deuterium isotope whereas dej teeb muaj protium isotope.
Dej yog dihydrogen monoxide (H2O). Nws yog cov kua dej ntau heev vim peb txhua tus yuav tsum tau haus dej kom zoo ntawm peb lub cev. Dej yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws molecule. Nws yog cov feem ntau inorganic compound nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem nyob. Ntau tshaj 75% ntawm peb lub cev yog tsim los ntawm no inorganic compound. Nws yog ib feem ntawm cov hlwb, thiab ua raws li cov kuab tshuaj thiab reactant. Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav tham txog ob hom dej: hnyav thiab dej teeb. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov dej hnyav thiab dej teeb yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg vim tias cov dej no muaj isotopes ntawm hydrogen es tsis yog hydrogen atoms.
Dej Hnyav yog dab tsi?
Cov dej hnyav muaj nws ob lub hydrogen atoms ntawm H2O hloov los ntawm deuterium atoms. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias; Nws muaj ob lub deuterium atoms dua li hydrogen atoms. Nws yog analogous rau dej. Deuterium yog ib qho ntawm cov isotopes ntawm hydrogen. Lub nucleus ntawm deuterium muaj ib tug proton thiab ib tug neutron. Yog li ntawd, tus lej ntawm nws yog ob, thiab tus lej atomic yog ib. Tsis tas li, deuterium tau muab ua 2 H thiab hu ua hnyav hydrogen. Tab sis, feem ntau nws yog sawv cev nrog D. Yog li ntawd, cov dej hnyav muaj cov mis molecular ntawm D2O.
Daim duab 01: Hnyav Dej rau Nuclear Reactors
Hnyav dej yog pob tshab thiab muaj xim daj ntseg. Nws tuaj yeem nthuav tawm cov tshuaj sib txawv thiab lub cev sib txawv dua li nws cov hydrogen analog. Cov molar loj ntawm cov dej hnyav yog 20.0276 g mol -1Ntxiv mus, daim ntawv dej no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv nuclear reactors thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov txheej txheem biochemical (siv raws li isotropic tracer).
Lub Teeb Dej yog dab tsi?
Lub teeb yog hais txog dej, H 2O, uas yog txhua tus paub. Dej yog ib yam dab tsi uas peb tsis muaj nyob. Ob lub hydrogens covalently khi rau ib qho oxygen atom los tsim cov dej molecules. Lub molecule tau txais cov duab khoov kom txo tau cov electron ib leeg-paj rov qab rov ua dua, thiab H-O-H lub kaum sab xis yog 104 o
Daim duab 02: Dej Teeb yog Dej Haus ib txwm
Dej yog cov ntshiab, tsis muaj xim, tsis qab, tsis muaj ntxhiab, thiab nws tshwm sim hauv ntau hom xws li pos huab, dew, daus, dej khov, vapor, thiab lwm yam. Tab sis, nws mus rau theem roj thaum peb sov nws saum toj no. 100 ° C ntawm qhov qub atmospheric siab. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, nws yog ib tug kua txawm hais tias nws muaj ib tug tsawg molecular hnyav ntawm 18 gmol -1
Lub peev xwm ntawm dej los tsim cov ntawv cog lus hydrogen yog ib qho ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws. Ib qho dej molecule tuaj yeem tsim plaub daim ntawv cog lus hydrogen. Tsis tas li ntawd, oxygen yog electronegative ntau dua li hydrogen, yog li ua O-H bonds hauv dej molecule polar. Vim nws cov polarity thiab muaj peev xwm tsim hydrogen bonds, dej yog ib qho hnyav hnyav. Nws yog lub npe hu ua universal hnyav vim nws muaj peev xwm ua kom yaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv.
Kuv ntxiv, dej muaj lub siab nro, thiab cov nplaum kom zoo, cohesive rog. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub hloov pauv yam tsis tau mus rau cov pa roj lossis cov khoom siv. Thiab, qhov no yog lub npe hu ua muaj lub peev xwm kub kub, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia ntawm cov kab mob nyob.
Qhov txawv ntawm Dej Hnyav thiab Dej Teeb yog dab tsi?
Cov dej hnyav yog ib hom dej uas muaj nws ob lub hydrogen atoms ntawm H2O hloov los ntawm deuterium atoms. Cov dej mos yog cov dej zoo tib yam uas muaj ob lub hydrogen atoms thiab oxygen atom hauv nws cov molecule. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej hnyav thiab dej teeb yog tias cov dej hnyav muaj deuterium isotopes thaum lub teeb dej muaj protium isotopes.
Ntxiv mus, cov molar masses ntawm hnyav thiab lub teeb dej kuj txawv ntawm ib leeg. Cov molar loj ntawm cov dej hnyav yog 20.0276 g / mol thiab molar loj ntawm cov dej yog 18 g / mol. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm cov dej hnyav thiab lub teeb dej yog lawv cov qauv tshuaj; rau qhov dej hnyav, nws yog D2O hos rau qhov dej yog H2O.
Summary – Hnyav Dej vs Dej Teeb
Dej yog qhov tseem ceeb rau peb txhua tus thiab peb yuav tsum haus dej kom txaus txhua hnub. Muaj ob hom dej xws li dej hnyav thiab dej teeb. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej hnyav thiab dej teeb yog cov dej hnyav muaj deuterium isotope whereas dej teeb muaj protium isotope.
