Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov noob thiab DNA yog cov noob hais txog ib ntu ntawm DNA uas muaj cov kab mob tshwj xeeb los tsim cov protein thaum DNA yog hom nucleic acid uas ua haujlwm raws li cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm lub cev..
DNA yog biomolecule. Qhov tseeb, nws yog ib qho ntawm ob hom nucleic acids. DNA molecules sib sau ua lub genome ntawm ib yam kab mob uas nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm eukaryotic kab mob. Deoxyribonucleotides tsim cov DNA. Nws muaj coding sequences thiab tsis-coding sequences. Ntxiv mus, coding sequences dais cov ntaub ntawv caj ces los tsim cov proteins. Cov kab mob tshwj xeeb ntawm DNA yog cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm peb cov genome thiab lawv yog cov noob.
Dab tsi yog Gene?
Gene yog ib chav ua haujlwm ntawm genome. Nws hais txog ib feem ntawm DNA molecule uas encodes rau cov protein. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov noob yog ib feem ntawm DNA uas tuav cov ntaub ntawv caj ces los tsim cov protein. Cov noob dhau los ntawm niam txiv mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv thiab lawv nqa tag nrho cov yam ntxwv uas lawv tau teev tseg. Gene locus yog qhov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov noob ntawm chromosome. Feem ntau, txhua tus noob muaj ob hom kev hloov pauv lossis hloov pauv hu ua alleles. Alleles ntawm ib tug noob nyob rau hauv tib txoj hauj lwm raws li homologous chromosomes uas tuaj ntawm txhua leej niam leej txiv: leej niam thiab leej txiv. Alleles tuaj yeem ua tau zoo lossis rov ua dua. Thaum cov tseem ceeb alleles tam sim no nyob rau hauv heterozygous los yog homologous xeev, qhov tseem ceeb zoo tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub phenotype. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov tshwm sim zoo tshwm sim thaum homozygous recessive lub xeev ntawm cov noob yog tam sim no.
Daim duab 01: Gene
Muaj ntau txhiab tus noob hauv ib chromosome. Tib neeg genome muaj ntau dua 20, 000 cov noob, thiab qee cov noob ntawm tib neeg kuj pom muaj nyob hauv lwm yam tsiaj thiab txawm nyob hauv qee cov nroj tsuag. Nws yog vim lub neej hauv ntiaj teb tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm cov kab mob yooj yim mus rau ntau yam kab mob.
YDNA yog dab tsi?
DNA yog ib qho nucleic acid uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob muaj sia tshwj tsis yog qee tus kab mob. Ntxiv mus, DNA molecules yog macromolecules composing deoxyribonucleotides. Lawv quav nrog histone proteins thiab pob rau hauv chromosomes. Tib neeg genome muaj tag nrho ntawm 46 chromosomes thiab nws muaj txog 3 billion bases khub. Cov noob yog cov tawg ntawm DNA.
Daim duab 02: DNA
DNA muaj nyob ua ob txoj hlua khi. Ob lub DNA txuas ntxiv txuas nrog ib leeg los ntawm hydrogen bonds. Cov nucleotide chains muaj plaub hom nucleobases: adenine, thymine, guanine, thiab cytosine. Cov kev txiav txim ntawm cov hauv paus no txawv ntawm cov tib neeg thiab cov hom. Lub caj qaum ntawm cov nucleotide chains yog tsim los ntawm cov suab thaj thiab phosphate pawg koom nrog phosphodiester bonds. Eukaryotes khaws feem ntau ntawm lawv cov DNA hauv lawv cov nucleus thaum prokaryotes khaws lawv cov DNA hauv cytoplasm. Ntxiv rau cov DNA DNA, eukaryotic hlwb muaj cov DNA uas tsis yog genomic hauv mitochondria thiab chloroplasts.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Gene thiab DNA?
- A noob yog ib feem me me ntawm DNA. Li no, cov noob yog tsim los ntawm DNA.
- Tsis tas li, ob qho tib si DNA thiab noob muaj cov ntaub ntawv genetic.
- Dhau li ntawd, ob leeg yog tsim los ntawm deoxyribonucleotides.
Qhov txawv ntawm Gene thiab DNA yog dab tsi?
Gene yog ib feem ntawm DNA thaum DNA yog ob lub helix macromolecule uas muaj deoxyribonucleotides. Yog li, peb tuaj yeem xav txog qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov noob thiab DNA. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob thiab DNA yog cov noob encodes rau cov protein thaum DNA sawv cev rau cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm lub cev. Ntxiv mus, tib neeg genome muaj txog 20, 000 noob thaum nws muaj DNA uas muaj li ntawm 3 billion base khub. Li no, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob thiab DNA.
Hauv qab infographic qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob thiab DNA.
Summary – Gene vs DNA
Nyob rau hauv kev xaus qhov sib txawv ntawm noob thiab DNA, cov noob yog ib feem ntawm DNA uas encodes rau ib tug protein. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, DNA yog ib tug nucleic acid thiab ib tug macromolecule uas ua hauj lwm raws li cov genetic khoom ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Ntxiv mus, DNA muaj coding thiab noncoding sequences. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau DNA tsis yog DNA code. Txij li cov noob yog tsim los ntawm DNA, ob lub noob thiab DNA tau pom nyob rau hauv chromosomes.
