Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov noob qhia thiab kev tswj cov noob yog cov noob qhia yog cov txheej txheem uas tsim cov protein ua haujlwm lossis RNA los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv caj ces zais rau hauv cov noob thaum kev tswj cov noob yog cov txheej txheem uas induces lossis represses qhov kev qhia ntawm ib tug. noob.
Ib noob yog ib feem ntawm DNA nyob hauv ib chromosome. Nws muaj introns, uas tsis yog-coding sequences, thiab exons, uas yog coding sequences. Cov noob raug qhia los ntawm ob kauj ruam tseem ceeb txhawm rau tsim cov protein. Qhov kev txiav txim tshwj xeeb ntawm nucleotides txiav txim siab cov protein tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau qhia thiab tswj cov noob los tiv thaiv kev tsim cov proteins uas tsis tsim nyog uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau yam nrog rau kev mob caj ces, cov tsos mob, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, gene qhia thiab kev tswj noob caj noob ces yog ob yam tseem ceeb heev uas tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob nyob. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim sib cais; ob txoj kev tshwm sim ib txhij.
Dab tsi yog Gene Expression?
Gene qhia yog txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv caj ces zais hauv cov noob rau hauv cov protein. Nws yog cov txheej txheem uas ua rau cov molecules tseem ceeb, thiab lawv feem ntau yog macromolecules, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov proteins. Txawm li cas los xij, RNA kuj yog ib yam khoom ntawm cov noob qhia. Qhov tseeb, tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau lub neej yam tsis muaj gene qhia qhov chaw. Muaj ob theem loj ntawm kev qhia gene. Lawv yog transcription thiab translation. Kev ua RNA kuj tshwm sim ntawm ob qhov txheej txheem no. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, ob peb lwm cov txheej txheem xws li post translations protein hloov kho thiab tsis-coding RNA maturation, thiab lwm yam kuj tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm gene qhia.
Daim duab 01: Gene Expression
Kev txhais lus yog thawj kauj ruam ntawm cov noob qhia; qhov no ua rau mRNA ib ntus los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv caj ces hauv cov txheej txheem coding ntawm cov noob. Tom qab ntawd, cov tsim mRNA ib ntus dhau mus ua haujlwm txhawm rau tshem tawm cov tsis-coding sequences. Tom qab ua tiav ntawm mRNA molecule, nws tawm hauv lub nucleus thiab mus txog ribosomes hauv cytoplasm. Qhov thib ob txhais lus pib ntawm ribosomes. Muaj cov tRNA (hloov RNA) molecules uas paub txog cov amino acids cuam tshuam hauv cytoplasm. Los ntawm kev pab ntawm rRNA thiab tRNA, mRNA ib ntus hloov mus rau hauv ib qho protein tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov noob qhia.
Txoj Cai Gene yog dab tsi?
Gene regulation yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj cov noob qhia. Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov ntaub ntawv DNA nyuaj heev ntawm lub cev. Nws yuav xav tsis thoob thaum paub tias ze li ntawm 97% ntawm tib neeg DNA sib lawv liag tsis yog coding sequences. Hauv lwm lo lus, feem ntau ntawm tib neeg genome muaj cov kab ke uas tsis yog cov noob caj noob ces. Tag nrho cov no (tsawg kawg yog feem ntau ntawm cov no) uas tsis yog-coding sequences ntseeg tau ua haujlwm hauv cov txheej txheem gene regulation. Introns yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov tsis-coding sequences thaum exons code rau cov proteins.
Daim duab 02: Gene Regulation
Gene kev tswj hwm muaj nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj qhov raug thiab ceev ntawm cov noob qhia feem ntau thiab ob peb lwm yam haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Kev tswj hwm ntawm cov noob caj noob ces tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm transcription, RNA splicing, RNA thauj, txhais lus, thiab mRNA degradation. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm cov txheej txheem xws li inducing enzyme qhia, inducing heat shock proteins, thiab lac operon (kev thauj mus los thiab metabolism ntawm lactose) yog lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov noob kev tswj. Ntxiv mus, nws yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau hais tias nws yog cov kev cai gene uas muab lub hauv paus rau ntau yam ntawm cov hlwb kom hloov los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov cellular los ntawm inducing lossis inhibiting gene expressions.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Gene Expression thiab Gene Regulation?
- Gene kev qhia thiab kev tswj cov noob yog ob txheej txheem tseem ceeb tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob nyob.
- Ob txheej txheem ua kom muaj cov proteins kom raug.
- Tseem, lawv tseem ceeb heev rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv caj ces raug los ntawm niam txiv mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, ob qho tib si txheej txheem tshwm sim tib lub sijhawm.
Qhov txawv ntawm Gene Expression thiab Gene Regulation yog dab tsi?
Gene kev qhia yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas cov macromolecules ua haujlwm lom neeg los ntawm cov noob thaum kev tswj cov noob ua kom tsis muaj dab tsi yuam kev hauv cov txheej txheem qhia. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm gene qhia thiab kev tswj cov noob. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm cov noob qhia thiab kev tswj cov noob yog tias cov noob qhia tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab kev txhais lus thaum kev tswj cov noob tshwm sim los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm chromatin domains, transcription, post-transcriptional modification, RNA thauj, txhais lus, thiab mRNA degradation.
Hauv qab infographic qhia ntau qhov kev piav qhia ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob qhia thiab kev tswj cov noob.
Summary – Gene Expression vs Gene Regulation
Gene kev qhia yog cov txheej txheem uas hloov cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm cov noob rau hauv cov protein ua haujlwm lossis RNA thaum kev tswj cov noob yog cov txheej txheem uas tswj cov kev qhia ntawm cov noob. Qhov tseeb, gene qhia yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb thaum kev tswj cov noob yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, gene qhia yog raug rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem muaj feem xyuam ntawm cov kev cai gene xws li lub sij hawm, tswj ceev, inhibition, thiab inducing. Ob qho kev qhia txog noob caj noob ces thiab kev tswj noob caj noob ces ua kom muaj cov proteins kom raug ntawm qhov raug. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob qhia thiab kev tswj cov noob.
