Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm allele thiab genotype yog tias allele yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov noob nyob rau ntawm tib qhov chaw caj ces ntawm chromosome thaum genotype yog cov caj ces kab ke ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb.
Genetics yog kev kawm txog cov noob caj noob ces thiab cov qauv ntawm cov kab mob. Chromosomes yog cov qauv uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm lub cev. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv eukaryotes, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm chromosomes tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub genome. Txhua chromosome muaj ntau txhiab tus noob uas yog thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov chromosomes. Qhov tseeb, cov noob yog cov qauv hauv cov caj ces uas khaws cov ntaub ntawv caj ces los tsim cov protein. Txhua tus noob muaj ob daim ntawv sau los ntawm txhua tus niam txiv.
Ib yam li ntawd, ib qho allele yog ib qho txawv ntawm cov noob lossis cov noob. Ntxiv mus, txhua tus noob muaj ob hom ntawm alleles uas txiav txim siab tus yam ntxwv encoded los ntawm cov noob. Yog li, genotype yog cov tshuaj pleev ib ce ntawm cov kab mob uas tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev faib cov alleles hauv cov noob sib txawv.
Allele yog dab tsi?
Ib qho allele yog ib hom kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob. Txhua tus muaj ob hom ntawm cov noob tau los ntawm nws txiv thiab niam. Kev faib tawm allele txawv ntawm cov kab mob mus rau kab mob txawm hais tias nws nyob hauv tib lub noob chaw ntawm chromosome. Qee cov kab mob tau txais tib yam allele ntawm cov noob los ntawm ob niam txiv, hos qee tus tau txais ob hom kev sib txawv ntawm alleles. Ib yam li ntawd, txhua lub noob muaj nws tus kheej alleles. Cov alleles txiav txim siab tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov noob. Yog li ntawd, txhua tus yam ntxwv xws li cov plaub hau xim, tawv nqaij laus, txheej txheem physiological, thiab lwm yam, yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov allelic distributions hauv lub cev.
Daim duab 01: Alleles
Alleles tuaj yeem yog tus tseem ceeb lossis thim rov qab. Thaum cov tseem ceeb alleles tam sim no, lawv nthuav tawm qhov tseem ceeb phenotype npog lub recessive allele phenotype. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tseem ceeb thiab recessive alleles, cov noob tau muab faib ua homozygous thiab heterozygous. Homozygous mob tshwm sim thaum ob qho tib si alleles muaj nyob rau hauv ob chromosomes; ob qho tag nrho cov alleles lossis ob lub recessive alleles. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, tus mob heterozygous yog thaum, lwm hom ntawm ob alleles muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb gene, qhov twg ib allele yog dominant, thiab lwm yam yog recessive.
Dab tsi yog Genotype?
Genotype yog cov tshuaj pleev ib ce ntawm cov kab mob. Nws hais txog tag nrho cov noob caj noob ces hauv ib lub cev. Yog li ntawd, lub genotype ntawm ib tug kab mob sib txawv raws li allelic faib ntawm ib tug neeg kab mob. Yog li, cov khoom ntawm txhua khub ntawm allele nyob rau hauv ib tug gene sawv cev rau lub genotype ntawm cov gene. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm ib chromosome, peb hom genotypes tuaj yeem pom. Qhov no yog raws li cov alleles ntawm cov noob tshwj xeeb.
Daim duab 02: Genotype
Peb hom genotypes yog;
- Homozygous dominant, qhov twg ob lub alleles yog tib daim ntawv thiab yog dominant (AA).
- Homozygous recessive, qhov twg ob lub alleles yog tib daim ntawv thiab yog recessive (aa).
- Heterozygous, ob leeg alleles yog sib txawv (Aa).
Kev qhia ntawm genotype yog hu ua phenotype. Yog li ntawd, cov cim pom yog cov phenotypes ntawm cov genotypes uas txiav txim siab los ntawm kev faib tawm allele.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Allele thiab Genotype?
- Allele thiab genotype yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv Genetics.
- Ob leeg tau xub qhia los ntawm Mendel qhov kev sim.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, ob lub ntsiab lus no yog nyob ntawm ib leeg
- Kuj, ob qho tib si hais txog DNA thiab chromosomes.
Qhov txawv ntawm Allele thiab Genotype yog dab tsi?
Allele yog ib qho ntawm lwm cov qauv ntawm tib lub noob uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, genotype yog tag nrho cov noob caj noob ces ntawm cov kab mob uas ua rau pom sab nraud ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm allele thiab genotype. Tsis tas li ntawd, allele tuaj yeem yog cov tseem ceeb ntawm allele lossis recessive allele thaum lub genotype tuaj yeem ua homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive lossis heterozygous. Yog li ntawd, nws kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm allele thiab genotype.
Summary – Allele vs Genotype
Allele thiab genotype yog ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv Genetics. Allele yog ib hom kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob. Gene muaj ob lub alleles uas tau txais los ntawm txhua tus niam txiv. Alleles nyob hauv tib qhov chaw caj ces ntawm chromosome. Ntawm qhov tod tes, genotype yog cov caj ces muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb lossis ib yam kabmob. Genotype sib txawv raws li kev faib tawm ntawm cov alleles hauv cov noob. Qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm allele thiab genotype.
