Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nucleotide thiab lub hauv paus yog qhov nucleotide yog lub hauv paus nitrogenous uas ua rau cov qauv ntawm nucleic acid whereas lub hauv paus yog ib qho kev sib xyaw uas muaj cov hydroxide ion tso tawm lossis ib qho hluav taws xob ib leeg lossis ib qho chaw uas tuaj yeem txais tau protons.
Lub hauv paus ntawm nucleotide muaj cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb vim yog ib leeg khub ntawm nitrogen. Ntawm no, lub hauv paus tsis tau hais txog cov hauv paus ib txwm peb tuaj nyob hauv chemistry, tab sis cov no yog cov molecules tshwj xeeb tam sim no hauv cov kab ke lom neeg nrog cov khoom siv yooj yim.
Nucleotide yog dab tsi?
Lub nucleotide yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm ob qho tseem ceeb macromolecules (nucleic acids) hauv cov kab mob muaj sia; yog, DNA thiab RNA. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm cov kab mob thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm rau dhau cov yam ntxwv ntawm caj ces los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tseem ceeb heev rau kev tswj hwm thiab tswj cov haujlwm ntawm tes. Dua li ntawm ob lub macromolecules no, muaj lwm cov nucleotides tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, ATP (Adenosine tri phosphate) thiab GTP yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub zog cia. NADP thiab FAD yog nucleotides, uas ua raws li cofactors. Nucleotides zoo li CAM (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ATP cell signaling pathways.
Daim duab 01: Cov qauv ntawm Nucleotides
Ntxiv mus, ib qho nucleotide muaj peb units; ib pentose qab zib molecule, ib tug nitrogenous puag, thiab phosphate pawg / s. Raws li hom pentose qab zib molecule, nitrogenous puag, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm phosphate pawg, nucleotides txawv. Piv txwv li, hauv DNA, muaj cov suab thaj deoxyribose, thiab hauv RNA, muaj suab thaj ribose. Nyob ntawd, pawg phosphate ntawm ib nucleotide txuas nrog -OH pawg carbon 5 ntawm cov suab thaj los tsim cov macromolecules. Feem ntau, hauv nucleotides ntawm DNA thiab RNA, muaj ib pawg phosphate. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv ATP, muaj peb pawg phosphate. Kev sib txuas ntawm phosphate pawg yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab. Raws li, muaj yim hom nucleotides hauv DNA thiab RNA.
Qee yim nucleotides yog hom pib.
- Deoxyadenosine monophosphate
- Deoxycytidine monophosphate
- Deoxyguanosine monophosphate
- Deoxythymidine monophosphate
- Adenosine monophosphate
- YCytidine monophosphate
- YGuanosine monophosphate
- YUridine monophosphate
Ntxiv mus, lwm cov nucleotides yog cov derivatives ntawm cov no. Nucleotides tuaj yeem txuas nrog ib leeg los tsim cov polymer. Qhov kev sib txuas no tshwm sim ntawm pawg phosphate ntawm nucleotide nrog pawg hydroxyl ntawm cov suab thaj. Li no, los ntawm kev ua hom phosphodiester bonds, macromolecules zoo li DNA thiab RNA cov ntaub ntawv.
Pab yog dab tsi?
Lub hauv paus yog ib qho chaw uas muaj cov hydroxide ion tso tau los yog ib qho hluav taws xob ib leeg lossis ib qho chaw uas tuaj yeem txais cov protons. Yog li ntawd, muaj cov ntsiab lus sib txawv rau lub hauv paus raws li cov kws tshawb fawb sib txawv. Bronsted- Lowry txhais lub hauv paus ua ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem txais tau ib qho proton. Raws li Lewis, txhua tus neeg pub khoom siv hluav taws xob yog lub hauv paus. Raws li Arrhenius txhais, ib qho chaw yuav tsum muaj hydroxide anion thiab muaj peev xwm pub dawb los ua hydroxide ion los ua lub hauv paus. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li Lewis thiab Bronsted- Lowry, tuaj yeem muaj cov molecules, uas tsis muaj hydroxides tab sis tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus. Piv txwv li, NH3 yog Lewis puag, vim tias nws tuaj yeem pub tus khub electron ntawm nitrogen.
Daim duab 02: Acids txawv ntawm Bases; Bases tsim Hydroxide Ions thaum Dissociation ntawm Aqueous Solutions
Ntxiv mus, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub hauv paus yog cov xab npum nplaum zoo li kev xav thiab saj iab. Cov tebchaw no tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov kua qaub kom tsis txhob ua rau lawv. Muaj ob hom loj ntawm lub hauv paus ua lub hauv paus muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog. Cov hauv paus muaj zog yog cov uas tuaj yeem ua tiav ionize hauv cov tshuaj aqueous thaum lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog yog cov khoom sib xyaw uas ib nrab ionizes.
Qhov txawv ntawm Nucleotide thiab Base yog dab tsi?
Nucleotides thiab cov hauv paus yog ob lub tebchaw sib txawv, tab sis lawv muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog vim tias nucleotides muaj nitrogenous puag. Lub hauv paus nitrogenous yog ib feem ntawm nucleotide. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nucleotide thiab lub hauv paus yog nucleotide yog lub hauv paus nitrogenous uas ua rau cov qauv ntawm nucleic acid thaum lub hauv paus yog ib qho kev sib xyaw uas muaj cov hydroxide ion tso tawm lossis lees txais ib qho proton lossis pub dawb ib leeg electron khub.
Ntxiv mus, lub hauv paus nitrogenous hauv nucleotide yog lub nplhaib heterocyclic uas muaj nitrogen. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug nucleotide, muaj ib tug pentose qab zib thiab ib pab pawg neeg phosphate ib yam nkaus thiab. Txawm li cas los xij, Base yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab ua haujlwm ntawm nucleotides hauv DNA lossis RNA. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm nucleotide thiab lub hauv paus piav qhia qhov sib txawv no kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Summary – Nucleotide vs Base
Nucleotides thiab cov hauv paus yog ob qhov sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nucleotides kuj muaj ib feem uas yog lub hauv paus. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nucleotide thiab lub hauv paus yog tias cov nucleotide yog lub hauv paus nitrogenous uas ua rau cov qauv ntawm nucleic acid thaum lub hauv paus yog txhua qhov sib xyaw uas muaj cov hydroxide ion tso tawm lossis ib qho hluav taws xob ib leeg lossis ib qho chaw uas tuaj yeem txais cov protons.
