Qhov txawv ntawm Phenol thiab Phenyl

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm phenol thiab phenyl yog tias phenol muaj pawg hydroxyl thaum phenyl tsis muaj pawg hydroxyl.

Phenol yog cawv muaj ntxhiab. Nws muaj cov tshuaj formula C₆H_{5OH. Yog li ntawd, cov qauv tshuaj ntawm phenol molecule muaj lub nplhaib benzene thiab ib pawg hydroxyl (-OH) txuas rau nws. Phenyl yog derivative ntawm phenol; Yog tias peb tshem tawm pawg hydroxyl los ntawm phenol molecule, nws muab phenyl pawg.}

Phenol yog dab tsi?

Phenol yog ib qho tshuaj tsw qab hydrocarbon compound uas muaj cov tshuaj formula C₆H_{5OH. Cov tshuaj no muaj nyob rau hauv cov dawb crystalline khoom nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Thiab nws kuj yog ib qho hluav taws xob hydrocarbon. Thaum xav txog cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov molecule, nws muaj ib pawg phenyl txuas nrog hydroxyl pawg (-OH). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no yog acidic me ntsis. Yog li, peb yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thaum tuav nws.}

Daim duab 01: Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm Phenol

Cov molar loj ntawm cov tshuaj no yog 94.11 g / mol. Nws muaj ntxhiab tsw qab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws qhov melting point thiab boiling point yog 40.5 ° C thiab 181.7 ° C feem. Nws yog miscible nrog dej vim nws tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds nrog dej molecules. Thaum nws poob cov hydrogen ntawm -OH pawg nws tsim cov phenolate ion tsis zoo, nws ua resonance stabilized, uas nyob rau hauv lem ua rau phenol ib tug kuj zoo acid. Nyob rau hauv lub resonance stabilization, qhov tsis zoo nqi ntawm cov pa atom yog sib koom nrog cov carbon atoms nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib.

YPhenyl yog dab tsi?

Phenyl yog ib pawg ntawm atoms nrog cov qauv C₆H₅ pawg no muab los ntawm benzene, yog li ntawd, muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam li benzene.. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no txawv ntawm benzene vim tsis muaj hydrogen atom hauv ib cov pa roj carbon. Yog li qhov hnyav molecular ntawm phenyl yog 77 g mol^{-1 Peb tuaj yeem txhais phenyl li "Ph". Feem ntau, phenyl txuas nrog lwm pab pawg phenyl, atom lossis molecule (peb lub npe no ntxiv rau qhov hloov pauv).}

Cov pa roj carbon atoms ntawm phenyl yog sp2 hybridized carbon atoms tib yam li hauv benzene. Tag nrho cov carbons tuaj yeem tsim peb daim ntawv cog lus. Ob ntawm sigma daim ntawv cog lus tsim los ntawm ob qho tib si carbons kom nws yuav ua rau lub nplhaib qauv. Lwm daim ntawv cog lus sigma nrog hydrogen atom. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv phenyl, nyob rau hauv ib qho carbon hauv lub nplhaib, qhov thib peb sigma daim ntawv cog lus nrog lwm lub atom lossis molecule es tsis yog nrog hydrogen atom.

Daim duab 02: Phenyl Group txuas nrog cov hloov pauv R

Cov electrons hauv p orbitals sib tshooj ua ke los tsim cov huab cua delocalized. Yog li, phenyl muaj qhov zoo sib xws C-C daim ntawv cog lus ntev ntawm txhua cov pa roj carbon monoxide, tsis hais txog kev sib hloov ib qho thiab ob daim ntawv cog lus. Qhov C-C daim ntawv cog lus ntev yog li 1.4 Å. Lub nplhaib yog hom phiaj thiab muaj 120 ^{olub kaum sab xis ntawm daim ntawv cog lus nyob ib puag ncig carbon. Vim yog pab pawg hloov pauv ntawm phenyl, polarity thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg lossis lub cev hloov pauv.}

Yog tias tus neeg hloov pauv hloov pauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau lub delocalized electron huab ntawm lub nplhaib, peb muab lawv lub npe ua cov pab pawg pub dawb electron.(Piv txwv li, – OCH₃, NH₂) Hauv qhov sib piv, yog tias tus hloov pauv nyiam cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm huab cua electron, peb lub npe hu ua electron rho tawm hloov pauv.. (E.g., -NO_{2, -COOH). Phenyl pawg yog ruaj khov vim lawv cov aromaticity, yog li lawv tsis yooj yim rau oxidation los yog txo. Ntxiv mus, lawv yog hydrophobic thiab tsis-polar.}

Qhov txawv ntawm Phenol thiab Phenyl yog dab tsi?

Phenol yog ib qho tshuaj tsw qab hydrocarbon compound uas muaj cov tshuaj formula C₆H₅OH whereas phenyl yog ib pawg ntawm atoms nrog cov mis C ₆H_{5 Yog li ntawd, phenyl thiab phenol txawv ntawm ib leeg vim muaj ib pawg -OH hauv phenol. Vim li no, tag nrho cov khoom ntawm ob qhov sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm phenol thiab phenyl yog tias phenol muaj pawg hydroxyl (-OH) thaum phenyl tsis muaj pawg hydroxyl.}

Raws li lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm phenol thiab phenyl yog tias phenol yog soluble hauv dej vim tias nws tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds nrog dej thaum Phenyl yog hydrophobic. Ntxiv mus, Phenyl tsis tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib qho chaw ruaj khov ntawm nws tus kheej, vim nws yog ib qho kev hloov pauv. Phenol yog ib qho phenyl derivative nrog ib pawg -OH. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho sib txawv ntawm phenol thiab phenyl yog tias Phenyl tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj zog lossis tsis muaj kua qaub zoo li phenol.

Summary – Phenol vs Phenyl

Phenyl yog ib pawg ntawm cov atoms uas muab los ntawm phenol los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm pawg hydroxyl (-OH). Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm phenol thiab phenyl yog tias phenol muaj pawg hydroxyl thaum phenyl tsis muaj pawg hydroxyl.