Qhov txawv ntawm Benzene thiab Phenyl

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2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm benzene thiab phenyl yog tias benzene yog cyclic hydrocarbon nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm hexagon, muaj tsuas yog carbon thiab hydrogen atoms, thaum phenyl yog ib tug derivative ntawm benzene, tsim los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm ib tug hydrogen atom. Yog li ntawd, benzene muaj rau hydrogen atoms thaum phenyl muaj tsib hydrogen atoms.

Benzene yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbon thiab ua haujlwm ua niam txiv sib xyaw rau ntau yam tseem ceeb uas muaj ntxhiab tsw. Phenyl yog ib qho hydrocarbon molecule nrog cov mis C₆H_{5 Nws yog ib qho derivative ntawm benzene thiab yog li ntawd, muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws li benzene.}

Benzene yog dab tsi?

Benzene tsuas muaj cov pa roj carbon thiab hydrogen atoms npaj los muab cov qauv qauv. Nws muaj cov qauv molecular ntawm C₆H_{6. Cov qauv Benzene tau pom los ntawm Kekule hauv xyoo 1872. Vim tias qhov aromaticity, nws txawv ntawm aliphatic compounds.}

Nws cov qauv thiab qee yam khoom muaj raws li hauv qab no.

Molecular yuag: 78 g mole ^-1

Boiling point: 80.1 ^oC

Melting point: 5.5 ^oC

Density: 0.8765 g cm^-3

Benzene yog cov kua tsis muaj xim uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab. Nws yog flammable thiab evaporates sai sai thaum raug. Benzene yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj vim nws muaj peev xwm yaj ntau yam tsis-polar compounds. Txawm li cas los xij, benzene yog me ntsis soluble hauv dej. Cov qauv ntawm benzene yog qhov tshwj xeeb piv rau lwm cov aliphatic hydrocarbons; Yog li ntawd, benzene muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb.

Txhua cov carbons hauv benzene muaj peb sp² hybridized orbitals. Ob sp2 hybridized orbitals ntawm cov pa roj carbon sib tshooj nrog sp² hybridized orbitals ntawm cov carbons nyob ib sab ntawm ob sab. Lwm yam sp^{2 hybridized orbital overlaps nrog s orbital ntawm hydrogen los ua ib daim ntawv cog lus. Cov electrons nyob rau hauv p orbitals ntawm ib tug carbon sib tshooj nrog p electrons ntawm carbon atoms nyob rau hauv ob sab, tsim pi bonds. Qhov sib tshooj ntawm electrons no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tag nrho rau rau carbon atoms thiab, yog li ntawd, tsim ib tug system ntawm pi bonds, uas yog kis mus rau tag nrho cov pa roj carbon nplhaib. Yog li, cov electrons tau hais tias yuav tsum tau delocalized. Lub delocalization ntawm cov electrons txhais tau hais tias tsis muaj alternating ob thiab ib daim ntawv cog lus. Li no, tag nrho cov C-C daim ntawv cog lus ntev yog tib yam, thiab qhov ntev yog nruab nrab ntawm ib qho thiab ob daim ntawv cog lus ntev. Txij li thaum delocalization benzene nplhaib yog qhov ruaj khov, nws tsis kam lees txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv, tsis zoo li lwm cov alkenes.}

YPhenyl yog dab tsi?

Phenyl yog hydrocarbon molecule nrog cov mis C₆H_{5 Qhov no yog muab los ntawm benzene; Yog li ntawd, nws muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam li benzene. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no txawv ntawm benzene vim tsis muaj hydrogen atom hauv ib cov pa roj carbon. Yog li, qhov hnyav molecular ntawm phenyl yog 77 g mole-1. Phenyl yog abbreviated li Ph. Feem ntau, phenyl txuas mus rau lwm pab pawg phenyl, atom los yog molecule (qhov no yog hu ua cov hloov pauv).}

Qhov txawv tseem ceeb - Benzene vs Phenyl

Cov pa roj carbon atoms ntawm phenyl yog sp^{2 hybridized zoo li hauv benzene. Tag nrho cov carbons tuaj yeem tsim peb daim ntawv cog lus. Ob lub sigma daim ntawv cog lus yog tsim nrog ob cov pa roj carbon uas nyob ib sab kom nws yuav ua rau lub nplhaib qauv. Lwm daim ntawv cog lus sigma yog tsim nrog hydrogen atom. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv ib qho carbon hauv lub nplhaib, qhov thib peb sigma daim ntawv cog lus yog tsim nrog lwm lub atom lossis molecule es tsis yog hydrogen atom. Cov electrons nyob rau hauv p orbitals sib tshooj nrog ib leeg los tsim lub delocalized electron huab. Yog li, phenyl muaj qhov zoo sib xws C-C daim ntawv cog lus ntev ntawm txhua cov pa roj carbon monoxide, tsis hais txog kev sib hloov ib qho thiab ob daim ntawv cog lus. Qhov C-C daim ntawv cog lus ntev yog li 1.4 Å. Lub nplhaib yog hom phiaj thiab muaj 120o lub kaum sab xis ntawm daim ntawv cog lus nyob ib ncig ntawm cov pa roj carbon.}

Vim yog pab pawg hloov pauv ntawm phenyl, polarity thiab lwm yam tshuaj lossis lub cev hloov pauv. Yog tias tus neeg hloov pauv hloov pauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov huab cua delocalized electron ntawm lub nplhaib, cov npe hu ua electron-donating pawg (piv txwv li -OCH3, NH2). Yog tias qhov hloov pauv tau txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm huab cua electron, nws yog lub npe hu ua electron rho tawm hloov pauv. (E.g. -NO2, -COOH). Phenyl pawg yog ruaj khov vim lawv cov aromaticity, yog li lawv tsis yooj yim rau oxidation los yog txo. Ntxiv mus, lawv yog hydrophobic thiab tsis-polar.

Qhov txawv ntawm Benzene thiab Phenyl yog dab tsi?

Yeej, phenyl yog muab los ntawm benzene. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm benzene thiab phenyl yog tias benzene yog cyclic hydrocarbon nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm hexagon, muaj tsuas yog carbon thiab hydrogen atoms, thaum phenyl yog ib tug derivative ntawm benzene, tsim los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm ib tug hydrogen atom. Ntxiv mus, cov mis molecular ntawm benzene yog C₆H₆ thiab, rau phenyl, nws yog C₆H. _{5 Phenyl ib leeg tsis ruaj khov li benzene.}