Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov atoms thiab cov ntsiab lus yog tias cov atoms yog cov chav me me uas tsim txhua yam teeb meem thaum lub caij yog ib hom atoms uas suav nrog cov atoms uas sib koom tib yam tshuaj thiab lub cev.
Txhua yam uas peb pom thiab hnov nyob ib puag ncig peb yog hu ua teeb meem. Qhov teeb meem no, suav nrog tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu, nrog rau cov nroj tsuag thiab cov khoom tsis muaj sia xws li dej thiab pob zeb, yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom me me uas peb suav tias yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm qhov teeb meem. Cov tshuaj lom neeg piav qhia txog hom atoms.
Atoms yog dab tsi?
Ib lub atom yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws rov ua dua tshiab uas ua rau txhua qhov teeb meem. Ib qho atom me me heev, thiab nws qhov loj yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 100 teev tsaus ntuj. Qhov loj ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv lub atomic nucleus uas muaj protons thiab neutrons. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj huab cua electron uas nyob ib puag ncig lub nucleus no. Yog li ntawd, protons, neutrons thiab electrons yog subatomic hais ntawm ib atom.
Daim duab 01: Helium Atom
Feem ntau, tus naj npawb ntawm cov protons hauv lub nucleus sib npaug ntawm cov electrons thiab neutrons. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee cov atoms uas muaj tib tus naj npawb ntawm protons tab sis muaj cov lej sib txawv ntawm neutrons. Peb muab lawv lub npe hu ua isotopes ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj (vim tias yog cov atoms muaj tib tus naj npawb ntawm protons, nws qhia tau tias cov atoms yog tib yam tshuaj lom neeg). Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov loj ntawm protons thiab neutrons txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm lub atom (qhov loj ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob tsis zoo piv rau protons thiab neutrons).
Dab tsi yog Elements?
Ib yam tshuaj yog ib hom atoms. Yog li, atoms muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev ntawm nws cov tshuaj lom neeg. Yog li ntawd, cov atoms ntawm tib cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj tib yam tshuaj thiab lub cev. Tshwj xeeb, cov atoms muaj tib tus naj npawb ntawm protons hauv lawv cov atomic nucleus. Tab sis, tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons tuaj yeem sib npaug lossis sib txawv. Yog tias tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons txawv ntawm ib lub atom mus rau lwm qhov, peb muab lawv lub npe raws li isotopes ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg.
Piv txwv li, cov pa atom muaj 8 protons hauv nws cov nucleus. Yog li ntawd, ib lub atom yuav tsum muaj 8 protons yog tias peb yuav tsum hu nws ua oxygen. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov atoms ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg oxygen muaj 8 protons hauv nws cov nucleus.
Daim duab 02: Lub Sij Hawm Lub Sijhawm
Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov tshuaj muaj npe nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Nws muaj 118 lub npe tshuaj lom neeg. Ntawm lawv, 94 yog ib txwm muaj tshwm sim. Lwm 24 yog cov hluavtaws. Ntxiv mus, muaj 80 lub ntsiab lus uas muaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho isotope ruaj khov. Ib yam li ntawd, lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus tau npaj cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub ascending kev txiav txim ntawm atomic tooj (tus naj npawb ntawm protons nyob rau hauv lub nucleus). Muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev ntawm cov khoom no.
Qhov txawv ntawm Atoms thiab Elements yog dab tsi?
Txhua qhov teeb meem muaj atoms. Tsis tas li ntawd, atoms muaj tib tus naj npawb ntawm protons hauv lawv cov atomic nucleus belongs rau tib hom tshuaj; cov tshuaj chemical. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov atoms thiab cov ntsiab lus yog tias cov atoms yog cov chav me me uas tsim txhua yam teeb meem thaum lub caij yog ib hom atoms uas suav nrog cov atoms uas muaj tib yam tshuaj thiab lub cev. Ntxiv mus, ib tus neeg atom tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib npaug lossis sib txawv ntawm cov protons thiab neutrons hauv lawv cov nucleus. Tab sis cov atoms ntawm tib cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm protons thiab neutrons. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov lej sib txawv, peb muab lawv lub npe raws li isotopes ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj.
Cov hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm atoms thiab cov ntsiab lus hauv daim ntawv.
Summary – Atoms vs Elements
Txhua yam teeb meem yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom me me hu ua atoms. Cov ntsiab lus yog hom tshuaj uas muaj ib hom atoms. Yog li ntawd, txhua lub atom ntawm ib lub caij khaws cov khoom ntawm lub caij ntawd thiab yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom uas muaj tib lub zog. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov atoms thiab cov ntsiab lus yog tias cov atoms yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws uas tsim txhua yam teeb meem thaum lub caij yog ib hom ntawm atoms uas suav nrog cov atoms uas sib koom tib yam tshuaj thiab lub cev.
