Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm noob thiab chromosome hloov pauv yog qhov kev hloov pauv noob ua rau hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ib ntu ntawm cov noob thaum lub chromosome hloov pauv ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm ntu ntawm chromosome suav nrog ntau cov noob.
Kev hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv mus tas li ntawm nucleotide cov kab ke ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm cov kab mob. Gene mutations thiab chromosome mutations yog ob hom kev hloov pauv, thiab lawv sib txawv ntawm ib leeg feem ntau ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv. Kev hloov pauv tshwm sim vim muaj ntau yam xws li cov kauj ruam tsis raug hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm DNA replication thiab transcription, raug hluav taws xob, UV teeb, vim haus luam yeeb, vim muaj kab mob thiab kab mob, thiab lwm yam.
Hloov pauv, ntxig, tshem tawm, lossis theej tawm ntawm DNA ntu yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas hloov cov nucleotide sequences. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv mus los ntawm niam txiv mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv thaum lawv tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob thaum qee qhov tsis muaj keeb kwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee qhov kev hloov pauv tsis hloov qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov amino acid sequences. Li no lawv yog cov uas ntsiag to mutations. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem lossis tsis zoo rau kev pheej hmoo nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb ntev ntev. Cov tib neeg lossis cov neeg uas muaj cov noob zoo yuav muaj sia nyob thaum cov cim tsis zoo tshwm sim vim kev hloov pauv yuav tshem tawm ntawm ib puag ncig los ntawm kev xaiv ntuj.
Kev hloov pauv yog dab tsi?
Gene mutation yog ib qho kev hloov me me ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm cov kab mob, uas feem ntau tshwm sim hauv ib qho gene. Point mutations thiab frameshift mutations yog ob hom kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv cov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tshwm sim xws li kev tshem tawm lossis kev ntxig. Thaum cov nucleotide ib ntus ntawm cov noob hloov pauv, nws ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv mRNA ib ntus. Li no, codon ib ntus ntawm cov noob hloov pauv thiab ua rau muaj qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm amino acid ib ntus. Thaum kawg, nws tsim cov protein tsis raug. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem yog kev hloov pauv, hloov pauv, ntsiag to, tsis nco qab, thiab tsis muaj tseeb.
Daim duab 01: Gene Mutation
Kev hloov noob caj ces yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus lej lossis cov qauv ntawm tag nrho cov chromosome, uas tuaj yeem ua rau chromosomal hloov pauv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov pauv noob yog qhov hloov pauv me me hauv cov kab ke nucleotide, thiab yog li lawv qee zaum raug kho los ntawm kev tswj cov noob thiab kho cov txheej txheem. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev hloov pauv noob nyob twj ywm yam tsis kho. Sickle cell anemia, haemophilia, cystic fibrosis, Huntington syndrome, Tay-Sachs kab mob, ntau cov qog nqaij hlav thiab lactose intolerance yog qee cov kab mob tshwm sim vim kev hloov ntawm noob.
Chromosome Mutation yog dab tsi?
Chromosome mutation yog qhov hloov pauv loj ntawm cov chromosomes ntawm lub cev, qhov twg tus lej lossis tus qauv ntawm cov chromosomes hloov. Muaj peb hom kev hloov pauv ntawm chromosomal xws li duplications, inversions, thiab deletions. Thaum ib feem ntawm DNA strand duplicates, tus naj npawb ntawm cov noob hauv chromosome yuav nce. Nws ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv thiab cov lej hauv cov chromosome.
Daim duab 02: Chromosome Mutation
Qee zaum ib feem ntawm chromosome, uas muaj ntau lub noob hauv DNA strand tshem tawm thiab rov ua haujlwm rov qab mus rau qhov qub. Qhov no yog hu ua inversion, thiab nws yog ib hom kev hloov pauv ntawm chromosome. Kev hloov pauv tsis ua rau tus lej hloov pauv, tab sis kev sib cuam tshuam sib txawv tuaj yeem ua rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm noob tau hloov. Li no, cov phenotypes ua txawv los yog txawv txav. Kev tshem tawm yuav tshwm sim vim raug hluav taws xob, kub kub, lossis kab mob. Feem ntau, kev tshem tawm yog tshwm sim los ntawm lwm qhov ua rau, thiab thaj chaw cuam tshuam ntawm chromosome txiav txim siab qhov hloov pauv lossis puas tsuaj.
Tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv ntawm chromosomal cuam tshuam rau tus qauv thiab tus naj npawb ntawm chromosomes hauv lub cev. Lawv ua rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov protein synthesis thiab cov noob qhia. Prader-Willi Syndrome thiab Cri-du-chat Syndrome yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm chromosome hloov pauv los ntawm kev tshem tawm.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Gene Mutation thiab Chromosome Mutation?
- Kev hloov pauv noob thiab chromosome hloov pauv yog ob hom kev hloov pauv.
- Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, cov nucleotide ntawm DNA hloov pauv.
- Ob leeg ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob qhia.
- Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob caj ces.
Qhov txawv ntawm Gene Mutation thiab Chromosome Mutation yog dab tsi?
Thaum hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ib ntus ntawm cov noob tshwm sim, nws raug hu ua kev hloov pauv noob. Ntawm qhov tod tes, thaum tus qauv chromosome thiab tus lej hloov, nws yog chromosome mutation. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob hloov pauv thiab chromosome hloov pauv. Gene mutation yog kev hloov pauv me me uas tuaj yeem yog qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv lossis hloov pauv hloov pauv. Kev hloov pauv ntawm chromosome tuaj yeem ua rau vim kev tshem tawm, hloov pauv, hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam. Tus lej ntawm cov noob cuam tshuam ua rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv ntawm chromosome. Hauv kev hloov noob caj noob ces, qee cov noob hloov pauv thaum nyob hauv chromosome hloov pauv, ntau cov noob hloov pauv nrog rau ntu ntawm chromosome.
Cov hauv qab no infographic tabulates cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob hloov pauv thiab chromosome hloov pauv
Summary – Gene Mutation vs Chromosome Mutation
Kev hloov pauv noob caj noob ces thiab chromosome hloov pauv yog ob hom kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm lub cev. Gene mutation yog kev hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ib ntu ntawm cov noob thaum chromosome kev hloov pauv yog kev hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ib ntu ntawm ib ntu ntawm chromosome. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov pauv ntawm chromosome ua rau cov qauv thiab cov lej hloov pauv ntawm cov chromosomes. Gene mutations yog qhov me me, thiab lawv tuaj yeem kho tau. Tab sis kev hloov pauv ntawm chromosome yog cov kev hloov loj loj uas tsis tuaj yeem kho tau yooj yim. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob hloov pauv thiab chromosome hloov pauv.
