Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm acetic acid thiab glacial acetic acid yog tias acetic acid tsis muaj kev phom sij thaum glacial acetic acid yog corrosive thiab, yog li, yuav tsum tau ceev faj.
Acetic acid belongs rau tsev neeg ntawm cov organic tebchaw hu ua carboxylic acids. Lawv muaj pab pawg ua haujlwm -COOH. Peb hu cov pab pawg ua haujlwm no ua pawg carboxyl. Ntawm qhov tod tes, glacial acetic acid yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm acetic acid.
YAcetic Acid yog dab tsi?
Acetic acid yog carboxylic acid, uas muaj cov qauv hauv qab no.
Fig 01: Cov qauv dav dav ntawm Carboxylic Acid
Nyob hauv hom yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm carboxylic acid, pawg R sib npaug rau H, thiab peb hu nws formic acid. Ntxiv rau qhov no formic acid, muaj ntau lwm hom carboxylic acids nrog ntau pawg R. Ntawm no, pawg R tuaj yeem yog cov saw hlau ncaj nraim, cov saw caj dab, ib pawg uas muaj ntxhiab, thiab lwm yam. Qee qhov piv txwv rau carboxylic acids yog acetic acid, hexanoic acid, thiab benzoic acid.
Acetic acid yog carboxylic acid nyob rau hauv uas pawg R ntawm cov qauv saum toj no yog -CH 3 Hauv IUPAC nomenclature, peb hu ua carboxylic acids los ntawm kev poob qhov kawg - e ntawm Lub npe ntawm alkane sib raug rau cov saw ntev tshaj plaws hauv cov kua qaub thiab ntxiv -oic acid. Ib txwm, peb muab cov carboxyl carbon tooj 1. Raws li qhov no, IUPAC lub npe rau acetic acid yog ethanoic acid. Yog li acetic acid yog lub npe nrov ntawm nws.
Daim duab 01: Kev daws ntawm Acetic Acid
Raws li lub npe hais, nws yog cov kua qaub, yog li tuaj yeem pub hydrogen ion rau hauv cov tshuaj. Nws yog monoprotic acid. Nws yog cov kua uas tsis muaj xim nrog cov qaub saj thiab cov yam ntxwv tsw. Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib tug polar molecule. Vim yog pawg -OH, lawv tuaj yeem tsim muaj zog hydrogen bonds nrog ib leeg thiab nrog dej. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov kua qaub no muaj qhov kub kub, uas yog li 119 ° C. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yooj yim yaj hauv dej. Txij li nws yog carboxylic acid, nws dhau los ua txhua yam kev cuam tshuam ntawm carboxylic acids. Txij li thaum lawv yog acidic, lawv teb tau yooj yim nrog NaOH thiab NaHCO 3 cov kev daws teeb meem los tsim cov ntsev ntsev.
Siv
Acetic acid yog cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog, thiab nws muaj nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug nrog nws lub hauv paus conjugate (acetate ion) hauv aqueous media. Cov kua qaub no yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv vinegar, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua zaub mov. Peb tuaj yeem siv nws ua cov kuab tshuaj polar los npaj cov kuab tshuaj. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb raws li cov tshuaj reagent los tsim cov tebchaw. Piv txwv li, peb siv nws nrog cawv los tsim cov ester.
Synthesis
Acetic acid yog ib txwm ua los ntawm anaerobic fermentation siv qab zib substrates. Cov kab mob anaerobic ua cov txheej txheem no. Txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov acetic acid yog los ntawm txoj kev methanol carbonylation.
YGlacial Acetic Acid yog dab tsi?
Glacial acetic acid yog daim ntawv tsis muaj acetic acid. Nws tsis muaj dej; Yog li, nws muaj 100% acetic acid nkaus xwb. Peb tuaj yeem dilute cov kua qaub no los ntawm kev ntxiv dej los npaj qhov xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj acetic acid. Txij li thaum nws yog concentrated heev, lub acidity ntawm glacial acetic acid yog siab. Yog li, nws yog corrosive thiab tuaj yeem ua rau daim tawv nqaij puas yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag.
Qhov txawv ntawm Acetic Acid thiab Glacial Acetic Acid yog dab tsi?
Acetic acid yog cov kua qaub uas muab vinegar nws tus yam ntxwv saj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kua qaub ntshiab yog cov kua tsis muaj xim tsis muaj kua lossis cov khoom siv iav thaum glacial acetic acid yog cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm acetic acid. Ntawd yog, glacial acetic acid tsis muaj lossis tsawg dua 1% dej. Hauv lwm lo lus, undiluted lossis 100% concentrated acetic acid yog hu ua glacial acetic acid. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm acetic acid thiab glacial acetic acid yog tias acetic acid tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij thaum glacial acetic acid yog corrosive. Yog li ntawd, cov glacial acetic acid yuav tsum tau saib xyuas.
Cov hauv qab no infographic tabulates qhov sib txawv ntawm acetic acid thiab glacial acetic acid kom ceev siv.
Summary -Acetic Acid vs Glacial Acetic Acid
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, acetic acid yog carboxylic acid. Thaum lub glacial acetic acid yog cov concentrated ntau tshaj ntawm acetic acid. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm acetic acid thiab glacial acetic acid yog tias acetic acid ua rau tsis muaj kev phom sij thaum glacial acetic acid yog corrosive, thiab yuav tsum tau ceev faj.
