Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee yog qhov tooj liab muaj xim liab-txiv kab ntxwv metallic luster whereas cov npib tsib xee yog ci thiab nyiaj nrog kub tinge.
Ob qho tib si tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee nyob hauv lub sijhawm 4 ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Yog li, lawv yog cov khoom nyob sib ze. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv nrog rau lawv cov tsos, tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev. Cia peb tham txog qee cov ntsiab lus ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv ib yam.
Copper yog dab tsi?
tooj liab yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj cov cim tshuaj Cu thiab atomic tooj 29. Nws yog d block element. Ntxiv mus, nws yog hlau. Nws muaj xim liab-txiv kab ntxwv metallic lustre. Nws yog ib qho ntawm ob peb cov hlau uas muaj xim ntuj uas tsis yog grey lossis nyiaj. Cov hlau no muaj ntau heev rau nws cov softness, malleability, ductility thiab siab thermal thiab hluav taws xob conductivity. Cov khoom no tshwm sim vim nws cov tshuaj lom neeg; lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug s-orbital electron nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm ib tug puv d-electron plhaub.
Daim duab 01: Fittings ua los ntawm tooj liab
Tus qauv atomic hnyav ntawm cov hlau no yog 63.54. Cov hlau no nyob hauv pab pawg 11 thiab lub sijhawm 4 ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog [Ar] 3d 10 4s1 Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, cov hlau no poob rau hauv qeb ntawm cov hlau hloov pauv. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj ib tug unpaired electron nyob rau hauv nws outermost orbital. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau no yog nyob rau hauv ib qho khoom hauv lub xeev ntawm tus qauv kub thiab siab. Lub melting point thiab boiling point yog 084.62 ° C thiab 2562 ° C raws. Ntxiv mus, qhov feem ntau oxidation xeev ntawm cov hlau no yog +2. Tab sis muaj qee lub xeev oxidation ib yam nkaus; −2, +1, +3 thiab +4.
tooj liab tsis hnov tsw nrog dej, tsis tau, nws reacts nrog oxygen nyob rau hauv cov huab cua los tsim ib tug tooj liab oxide txheej. uas tshwm nyob rau hauv xim av-dub. Cov txheej no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm xeb. Ntxiv mus, cov hlau no tarnishes thaum raug cov sulfur-muaj cov tebchaw. Kev siv loj ntawm cov hlau no suav nrog hauv kev tsim cov xaim hluav taws xob, vov tsev, kav dej, kev siv tshuab, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, tooj liab, feem ntau yog siv los ua cov hlau ntshiab es tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv alloy.
Nickel yog dab tsi?
Nickel yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg muaj cov cim tshuaj Ni thiab tus lej atomic 28. Nws yog cov xim dawb-dawb lustrous hlau. Thiab nws muaj me ntsis golden tinge. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub d block ntawm lub periodic rooj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, cov hlau no yog cov tawv thiab tawv.
Daim duab 02: npib ua los ntawm cov nickel ntshiab
Tus qauv atomic hnyav yog 58.69. nws nyob hauv pab pawg 10 thiab lub sijhawm 4 ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Nws poob rau hauv qeb ntawm kev hloov pauv hlau. Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog 3d 8 4s2 Nws muaj tag nrho nws cov hluav taws xob ua ke nrog ib leeg. Ntxiv mus, nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm tus qauv kub thiab siab. Lub melting point thiab boiling point yog 1455 ° C thiab 2730 ° C feem. Nws qhia txog +2 oxidation xeev raws li lub xeev oxidation. Lwm lub xeev oxidation yog +4, +3, -1 thiab -2. Kev siv cov npib tsib xee yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, hauv electroplating, hauv cov chaw tsim khoom thiab muaj lwm yam kev siv thiab, xws li hauv cov roj teeb.
Qhov txawv ntawm tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee yog dab tsi?
tooj liab yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj cov cim tshuaj Cu, thiab tus lej atomic 29 thiab tus qauv atomic hnyav yog 63.54. Nws muaj xim liab-txiv kab ntxwv metallic lustre. Nickel, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj cov cim tshuaj Ni thiab atomic tooj 28, thiab tus qauv atomic hnyav yog 58.69. Nws yog lustrous thiab nyiaj nrog ib tug kub tinge. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee. Ntxiv mus, lub melting point thiab boiling point ntawm tooj liab yog 084.62 ° C thiab 2562 ° C feem. Yog li, kev siv tooj liab tseem ceeb suav nrog kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, vov tsev, kav dej, kev siv tshuab, thiab lwm yam. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, tooj liab, feem ntau yog siv los ua cov hlau ntshiab es tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv alloy. Whereas, lub melting point thiab boiling point ntawm npib tsib xee yog 1455 ° C thiab 2730 ° C feem. Thiab, nws siv yog nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov stainless hlau, thiab lwm yam alloys.
Cov duab hauv qab no nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee hauv daim ntawv.
Summary – Copper vs Nickel
tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee yog cov hlau hloov pauv tseem ceeb uas peb siv hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam. Qhov sib txawv ntawm tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee yog qhov tooj liab muaj xim liab-txiv kab ntxwv xim xim thaum lub npib tsib xee yog ci thiab nyiaj nrog kub tinge.
