Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm chloride thiab chlorate yog tias cov tshuaj chloride anion tsuas muaj ib lub atom xwb hos cov chlorate anion muaj plaub atoms. Tsis tas li ntawd, oxidation lub xeev ntawm chlorine nyob rau hauv chloride anion yog -1, thiab nyob rau hauv chlorate anion, nws yog +5.
Ob leeg chloride thiab chlorate yog anions ntawm chlorine. Cov tshuaj chlorine yog ib yam tshuaj muaj atomic tooj 17. Raws li nws cov electron configuration, muaj ib tug unpaired electron nyob rau hauv nws sab nraum p orbital. Qhov no unpaired electron ua rau chlorine reactive heev. Nws tsim ntau yam anions nrog rau chloride thiab chlorate. Cia peb tham ntxiv txog lawv.
Chloride yog dab tsi?
Chloride yog anion ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine uas muaj cov tshuaj formula Cl– Raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine atom, nws muaj cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws hauv nws sab nraud p orbital. Yog li ntawd, nws nyiam kom tau txais ib qho hluav taws xob los ntawm sab nraud kom ua tiav nws cov electrons. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no muaj qhov tsis zoo. Yog li, nws muab cov tshuaj chlorine atom rau qhov tsis zoo ntxiv thiab tsim cov tshuaj chloride ion.
Cov molar mass ntawm no anion yog 35.5 g / mol. Nws sib npaug molar mass ntawm chlorine atom vim hais tias qhov loj ntawm ib tug electron yog negligible thaum peb piv nws nrog cov loj ntawm neutrons thiab protons. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov anion no loj dua li chlorine atom. Ntxiv mus, nws yog diamagnetic. Feem ntau ntawm cov tebchaw uas muaj cov anion no yog cov dej soluble heev. Thaum xav txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov anion no, dej hiav txwv muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm 1.94% chloride ions.
Chlorate yog dab tsi?
Chlorate yog anion ntawm chlorine uas muaj cov tshuaj formula ClO−3Cov anion no muaj ib qho chlorine atom khi rau peb cov pa atoms; ob daim ntawv cog lus Cl=O thiab ib daim ntawv cog lus Cl-O. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, cov anion no muaj ib leeg electron khub ntawm chlorine atom. Raws li cov qauv no, cov anion no muaj ntau cov qauv resonance. Yog li ntawd, chlorine atom nyob rau hauv lub +5 oxidation lub xeev ntawm no. Lub geometry ntawm no anion yog trigonal pyramidal geometry.
Daim duab 02: Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm Chlorate Ion
Hom tshuaj no ua rau muaj zog oxidizer. Nws txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem yooj yim oxidize lwm yam khoom thaum txo nws tus kheej. Peb tuaj yeem tsim cov tebchaw uas muaj cov ions no hauv chav kuaj. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm chlorine gas thiab kub KOH ua cov tshuaj potassium chlorate (KClO3). Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntuj tshwm sim ntawm cov tebchaw no tseem tsis tau lees paub. Ntxiv mus, cov tebchaw uas muaj cov anions no kuj yog tshuaj lom.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm chloride thiab chlorate?
- Ob leeg no yog anions
- Lawv ob leeg nqa ib lub vas -1 tus nqi hluav taws xob
- Chloride thiab Chlorate yog derivatives ntawm chlorine
Qhov txawv ntawm chloride thiab chlorate yog dab tsi?
Chloride yog anion ntawm chlorine uas muaj cov tshuaj formula Cl– Nws muaj ib qho atom. Cov molar loj ntawm no ion yog 35.5 g / mol. Ntxiv mus, oxidation lub xeev ntawm chlorine nyob rau hauv no ion yog -1. Chlorate yog anion ntawm chlorine uas muaj cov tshuaj formula ClO−3 Nws muaj plaub atoms. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm chloride thiab chlorate. Ntxiv mus, molar pawg ntawm chlorate yog 83.4 g / mol. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, oxidation lub xeev ntawm chlorine nyob rau hauv no ion yog +5.
Summary – Chloride vs Chlorate
Ob qho tshuaj chloride thiab chlorate yog anions muab los ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine. Qhov txawv ntawm chloride thiab chlorate yog tias cov tshuaj chloride anion tsuas muaj ib lub atom xwb hos cov chlorate anion muaj plaub atoms. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub xeev oxidation ntawm chlorine hauv chloride anion yog -1, thiab hauv chlorate anion, nws yog +5.
