Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsis xws luag thiab kab tsis xws luag yog tias cov ntsiab lus tsis raug tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob ntawm lossis ib puag ncig ntawm qee qhov taw tes ntawm cov siv lead ua lattice whereas cov kab teeb meem tshwm sim hauv lub dav hlau ntawm atoms hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov siv lead ua lattice.
Crystallographic defects yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv rov ua dua ntawm cov iav siv lead ua. Cov teeb meem no cuam tshuam cov qauv tsis tu ncua ntawm cov lattice. Muaj ntau hom crystallographic defects xws li point defects, line defects, planar defects thiab bulk defects. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom pom qhov tsis xws luag, tab sis qhov pom ntawm kab tsis zoo yog qhov nyuaj.
Dab tsi yog Point Defect?
Point defects yog irregularities uas tshwm sim ntawm los yog ib ncig ntawm ib tug taw tes ntawm cov siv lead ua lattice. Feem ntau, hom kab mob no tshwm sim vim muaj cov atom ntxiv los yog vim qhov poob ntawm atoms los ntawm cov lattice. Yog li ntawd, cov kev tsis zoo no yog qhov me me. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum muaj qee qhov tsis xws luag thiab. Peb hu lawv dislocation loops.
Daim duab 01: Cov ntsiab lus sib txawv
Ntau hom kev tsis xws luag tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov iav siv lead ua.
- Vacancy defects
- Interstitial defects
- Frenkel defects
- Kev hloov pauv tsis xws luag
- Schottky defect
Kab Defect yog dab tsi?
kab tsis xws luag yog ib daim ntawv ntawm crystallographic defects nyob rau hauv uas lub defects tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug dav hlau ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub siv lead ua lattice. Yog li ntawd, cov no yog linear defects. Nyob ntawd cov atoms ntawm lub lattice yog misaligned. Ob hom loj ntawm qhov tsis xws luag yog;
- Ntug dislocation
- Screw dislocation
Qee zaum peb tuaj yeem pom qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob qhov tsis xws luag. Peb hu nws ua ib qho kev sib txuam dislocation. Ntug dislocations tshwm sim vim qhov poob ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm atoms nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov siv lead ua. Nyob rau hauv cov dislocations, lub dav hlau nyob ib sab ntawm atoms ua tsis ncaj; khoov ib ncig ntawm lub dav hlau uas ploj lawm los ua kom cov qauv siv lead ua kom zoo ntawm ob sab.
Daim duab 02: Ntug Dislocation
Qhov ntsia hlau dislocation yog qhov nyuaj rau kev pom. Nyob ntawd, cov dav hlau ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv cov siv lead ua taug txoj kev helical nyob ib ncig ntawm txoj kab dislocation.
Qhov txawv ntawm Point Defect thiab Kab Defect yog dab tsi?
Point defects yog irregularities uas tshwm sim ntawm los yog ib ncig ntawm ib tug taw tes ntawm cov siv lead ua lattice. Cov teeb meem no tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho atom ntxiv los yog vim qhov poob ntawm atom. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom pom qhov tsis xws luag. Kab defects yog ib daim ntawv ntawm crystallographic defects nyob rau hauv uas qhov tsis xws luag tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug dav hlau ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov siv lead ua lattice. Cov teeb meem no tshwm sim thaum lub dav hlau ntawm atoms misalign. Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau pom ib kab tsis xws luag. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsis xws luag thiab kab defect.
Summary – Point Defect vs Kab Defect
Crystallographic defects yog cov imperfections nyob rau hauv siv lead ua lattices. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis xws luag thiab kab tsis xws luag yog tias cov ntsiab lus tsis xws luag tsuas yog tshwm sim ntawm lossis ib puag ncig ntawm qee qhov taw tes ntawm cov siv lead ua lattice whereas cov kab tsis xws luag tshwm sim hauv lub dav hlau ntawm atoms hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov siv lead ua lattice.
