Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm anion thiab cation yog cov anions yog cov tsis zoo them ions tsim los ntawm nruab nrab atoms whereas cations yog zoo them ions tsim los ntawm nruab nrab atoms.
Feem ntau, anions thiab cations hu ua ions. Cov atoms ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus tsis ruaj khov (tshwj tsis yog cov roj av zoo) nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj. Txhawm rau kom ruaj khov, lawv tau txais ntau yam kev hloov pauv tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb txog cov xov tooj ntawm cov hluav taws xob. Piv txwv li, lawv tuaj yeem tshem tawm lossis nce cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis lwm qhov sib koom ua ke kom tau txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ruaj khov. Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, cov ntsiab lus yuav koom nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus. Cov tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem koom nrog ib leeg los tsim cov tshuaj sib xyaw. Cov ntsiab lus khi rau ib leeg ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ionic lossis covalent. Yog hais tias cov tebchaw muaj ionic bonds, lawv hu ua ionic compounds. Ionic compounds tsim los ntawm kev nyiam ntawm cov ions zoo thiab tsis zoo.
Anion yog dab tsi?
Anions yog cov tsis zoo ions uas tsim los ntawm nruab nrab atoms. Thaum ib lub atom attracts ib los yog ntau dua electrons rau nws sab orbital, tsis zoo ions daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv ib qho nruab nrab atom, tus naj npawb ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv lub plhaub sab nraud yog sib npaug rau tus naj npawb ntawm protons nyob rau hauv lub nucleus. Electrons yog qhov tsis zoo them subatomic hais, thiab protons yog qhov zoo them subatomic hais. Txij li cov lej sib npaug, cov atoms tsis muaj nuj nqis.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub atom nyiam cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau los ntawm sab nraud, cov hluav taws xob nce ntxiv, yog li lub atom ua tsis zoo. Txhawm rau kom nyiam cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, yuav tsum muaj lwm hom, uas yooj yim muab electrons rau anionic atoms. Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov electrons tau txais, tus nqi them loj txawv. Piv txwv li, yog tias lub atom tau txais ib qho hluav taws xob, ib daim ntawv monovalent anion thiab yog tias nws tau txais ob lub electrons hauv daim ntawv divalent anions.
Daim duab 01: Tsim cov Ions
Nquag, anions tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis yog hlau, uas yog nyob rau hauv p block ntawm lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, nitrogen tsim ib -3 anion; Oxygen tsim ib -2 anion thiab chlorine ua ib -1 anion. Cov atoms no muaj ntau dua electronegative, li no tuaj yeem nyiam electrons thiab tsim anions. Tsis tsuas yog ib qho atoms xwb, tab sis tuaj yeem muaj ntau lub atoms lossis molecules tsim hom ions no. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias lub anion tsuas yog ib qho atom xwb, nws yog hu ua monoatomic anion. Yog hais tias lub anion muaj ob peb atoms, los yog yog hais tias nws yog ib tug molecule, nws yog hu ua polyatomic anion. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ions no nyiam mus rau qhov chaw hluav taws xob zoo lossis txhua hom kab mob zoo.
Cation yog dab tsi?
Cations yog qhov zoo them ions. Cov ion no thaum lub atom nruab nrab tshem tawm ib lossis ntau dua electrons. Thaum lawv tshem tawm cov electrons, tus naj npawb ntawm cov protons nyob rau hauv lub nuclei yog siab dua li cov electrons nyob rau hauv lub plhaub sab nraud; Yog li ntawd, lub atom tau txais tus nqi zoo.
Cations daim ntawv los ntawm cov hlau hauv s thaiv, cov hlau hloov pauv, lanthanides thiab actinides, thiab lwm yam. Zoo li cov anions, cations tuaj yeem muaj ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg nyob ntawm seb cov electrons tshem tawm. Yog li ntawd, lawv tsim monovalent (Na+), divalent (Ca2+), thiab trivalent (Al3+.) cations. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj peev xwm muaj monoatomic lossis polyatomic cations (NH 4+).
Qhov txawv ntawm Anion thiab Cation yog dab tsi?
Anion vs Cation |
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| Tsis zoo them ions uas tsim los ntawm nruab nrab atoms. | Kev them nyiaj zoo ions uas tsim los ntawm nruab nrab atoms. |
| Anions tsim los ntawm kev nyiam electrons. | Cations daim ntawv los ntawm kev tshem tawm electrons. |
| tshuaj hom | |
| Nonmetals mas ua anions. | Metals ua cations. |
| Txoj kev mus rau hluav taws xob teb | |
| Txhob mus rau qhov kawg ntawm qhov hluav taws xob. | Txhob mus rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov hluav taws xob. |
Summary – Anion vs Cation
Anions thiab cations yog cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj raug nqi. Qhov txawv ntawm anion thiab cation yog tias anions yog cov tsis zoo ions tsim los ntawm nruab nrab atoms whereas cations yog zoo them ions tsim los ntawm nruab nrab atoms.
