Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ether thiab ketone yog tias ib qho ether muaj ob pawg alkyl sib txuas rau tib lub atom oxygen thaum lub ketone muaj cov pa atom sib txuas rau carbon atom ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus.
Ethers thiab ketones yog cov organic tebchaw. Ob lub tebchaw no muaj C, H thiab O atoms hauv lawv cov qauv molecular. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm kev txiav txim siab lawv cov pab pawg ua haujlwm, ib tus tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm ether los ntawm ketone.
Ether yog dab tsi?
Ib ether yog cov organic compound uas muaj cov tshuaj formula R-O-R. Ntawm no, pawg R tuaj yeem yog pawg alkyl lossis aryl pawg. Yog hais tias cov pab pawg alkyl lossis aryl zoo ib yam ntawm ob sab ntawm cov pa atoms, ces nws yog symmetrical ether. Yog hais tias lawv txawv, ces nws yog ib tug unsymmetrical ether.
Daim duab 01: Cov qauv dav dav ntawm Ether
C-O-C tshuaj lom neeg daim ntawv cog lus uas muaj 110 ° daim ntawv cog lus txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ether. Yog li ntawd, nws ua raws li cov pab pawg neeg ua haujlwm. Lub hybridization ntawm txhua cov pa roj carbon ntawm pawg ua haujlwm no yog sp3.
Vim tias cov pa atom yog electronegative ntau dua li cov pa roj carbon atom, alpha hydrogen ntawm ether yog acidic heev piv rau hydrocarbon. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias, hydrogen atom bonded rau cov pa roj carbon atom thiab nyob ib sab ntawm C-O-C daim ntawv cog lus tso tawm yooj yim los ntawm proton. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tshua muaj acidic dua li cov carbonyl compounds xws li ketones.
Ethers tsis tuaj yeem tsim hydrogen bonds nrog ib leeg. Qhov no ua rau cov ntsiab lus qis qis vim tias tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam muaj zog ntawm nws cov molecules. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov hydrogen bonds nrog dej molecules vim tias muaj ib leeg electron khub ntawm cov pa atom. Thiab kuj ethers yog me ntsis polar vim yog lub kaum sab xis ntawm daim ntawv cog lus C-O-C.
Ketone yog dab tsi?
A ketone yog cov organic molecule uas muaj cov tshuaj formula R-C-(=O)R. Ntawm no, kev sib txuas ntawm cov pa atom thiab carbon atom yog ob daim ntawv cog lus. Cov pab pawg R qhia cov pab pawg alkyl lossis aryl. Lub hauv paus carbon atom nrog rau ob chav sib txuas nrog oxygen atom tsim cov carbonyl pawg. Cov pa roj carbon atom no yog sp2 hybridized.
Daim duab 02: Cov qauv dav dav ntawm Ketone
Ntxiv mus, qhov -C=O daim ntawv cog lus ntawm no yog qhov polar heev. Yog li, ketones yog polar molecules. Cov pa oxygen atom nyiam cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm C thiab O daim ntawv cog lus vim nws cov electronegativity siab. Tom qab ntawd cov pa roj carbon atom tau txais ib nrab nqi zoo vim tsis muaj electrons. Thiab cov pa oxygen atom tau txais ib nrab nqi tsis zoo. Yog li, cov pa atom no ua rau tsim cov hydrogen bonds ntawm ketones thiab dej molecules. Yog li, ketones yog miscible nrog dej.
Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, cov pa roj carbon atom ntawm pawg carbonyl raug cuam tshuam los ntawm nucleophiles. Lub nucleophile yog ib qho chaw nplua nuj nrog cov electrons. Txij li thaum cov pa roj carbon atom ntawm pawg carbonyl yog ib feem zoo them, cov nucleophile tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov pa roj carbon atom. Yog li, ketones tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nucleophilic ntxiv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Ether thiab Ketone yog dab tsi?
Ether vs Ketone |
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| Ether yog cov organic compound uas muaj ob pawg alkyl sib txuas rau tib lub atom oxygen. | Ketone yog cov organic compound uas muaj cov pa atom sib txuas rau cov pa roj carbon atom ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus. |
| Tshuaj Formula | |
| R-O-R | R-C-(=O)R |
| Pab Pawg Ua Haujlwm | |
| C-O-C. | -C(=O)-. |
| Acidity ntawm Alpha Carbons | |
| Tsawg acidic dua li ketone tab sis yog acidic ntau dua hydrocarbons. | Highly acidic dua ethers. |
| Hybridization ntawm Carbons | |
| Lub hybridization ntawm carbon hauv C-O-C daim ntawv cog lus yog sp3. | Cov hybridization ntawm carbon hauv pawg carbonyl yog sp2. |
Summary – Ether vs Ketone
Ethers thiab ketones yog cov organic molecules. Ob lub molecules no muaj C, H thiab O atoms. Qhov txawv ntawm ether thiab ketone yog tias ib qho ether muaj ob pawg alkyl sib koom ua ke rau tib lub atom oxygen thaum lub ketone muaj cov pa atom sib txuas rau carbon atom ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus.
