Vectors vs Scalars
Hauv kev tshawb fawb, cov khoom uas xa mus rau lub cev lub cev ntawm qhov tshwm sim lossis ib yam khoom thiab tuaj yeem suav tau yog hu ua ntau lub cev. Piv txwv li, qhov nrawm ntawm lub tsheb mus ncig, qhov ntev ntawm ib daim ntoo thiab qhov luminosity ntawm lub hnub qub yog txhua yam ntawm lub cev. Xws li lub cev muaj peev xwm muab faib ua ob pawg loj: uas yog, vectors thiab scalars.
Vector yog dab tsi?
Ib tug vector yog ib lub cev muaj nuj nqis uas muaj ob qho tib si, qhov loj thiab qhov taw qhia. Piv txwv li, lub zog ua rau lub cev yog vector. Kev tshem tawm ntawm ib qho khoom kuj yog ib qho vector txij li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ib qho kev taw qhia tshwj xeeb raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum xam qhov hloov chaw.
Ob lub vectors sib npaug thaum lawv muaj qhov sib npaug thiab kev coj ua. Piv txwv li, xav tias ob lub tsheb, ib lub tsheb khiav ceev ntawm 30 km / h mus rau sab qaum teb, thiab lwm lub tsheb txav nrog ceev ntawm 30 km / h mus rau sab hnub poob. Tom qab ntawd qhov nrawm ntawm ob lub tsheb tsis sib npaug, vim tias qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub nrawm vector tsis zoo ib yam. Yog ob lub tsheb tsiv mus rau sab qaum teb ces qhov nrawm yuav zoo ib yam.
Vectors tuaj yeem sawv cev siv cov kab ncaj nraim nrog qhov ntev proportional rau qhov loj. Nws muaj peev xwm ntxiv vectors ntawm tib hom siv daim duab peb sab txoj cai thiab polygon txoj cai; piv txwv li nws muaj peev xwm ntxiv ob lub nrawm, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem ntxiv lub zog rau qhov nrawm.
Scalar yog dab tsi?
Ib daim scalar yog lub cev muaj nuj nqis uas muaj qhov loj tab sis tsis muaj kev taw qhia. Piv txwv li, qhov ntim ntawm ib yam khoom, qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov taw tes hauv qhov chaw, thiab kev ua haujlwm ua kom ceev lub tsheb yog tag nrho cov ntsuas, vim tsis muaj ib qho ntawm lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev taw qhia. Yog li ntawd, kev sib npaug ntawm scalar yog txhais los ntawm qhov loj xwb.
Yog tias ob daim ntawv muaj qhov sib npaug thiab lawv yog hom tib yam ces ob daim ntawv sib npaug. Hauv qhov piv txwv dhau los, qhov ceev (scalar) ntawm ob lub tsheb yog 30 km / h. Yog li ntawd, ob lub scalers yog sib npaug. Txij li cov scalar tsuas yog tus lej muaj nuj nqis xwb, ob lub scalars ntawm tib hom tau ntxiv ua ke ib yam li cov lej tiag. Piv txwv li, yog tias 2 litres dej ntxiv rau 3 liv dej, ces peb tau 2 + 3=5 liv dej.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm vector thiab scalar?
• Vectors muaj ob qho tib si, qhov loj thiab kev taw qhia, tab sis cov nplais tsuas muaj qhov loj xwb.
• Vector vaj huam sib luag tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum ob qhov loj thiab cov kev taw qhia ntawm ob vectors ntawm tib hom yog tib yam, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm scalars, sib npaug ntawm magnitude yog txaus.
• Scalars ntawm tib hom tuaj yeem muab ntxiv raws li tus lej tiag tiag, tab sis ntxiv cov vectors yuav tsum ua tiav siv txoj cai polygon.
