Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob uas tsis yog kab mob yog cov kab mob kab mob yog cov kab mob genetic engineered cov kab mob uas ua raws li cov noob xa tsheb hauv kev xa cov genetic txawv teb chaws mus rau hauv lub hlwb los ntawm kev siv lawv cov kab mob genome, thaum nonviral vectors yog tshuaj vectors xws li inorganic hais., lipid-raws li vectors, polymer-raws li vectors, thiab peptide-based vectors thiab ua raws li kev xa cov noob tsheb hauv kev xa cov khoom genetic txawv teb chaws rau hauv hlwb.
Nyob rau hauv kev kho noob caj noob ces, cov khoom genetic txawv teb chaws tau nkag mus rau hauv tus neeg mob txhawm rau kho tus kab mob caj ces. Ntau cov tswv yim yog siv hauv kev kho noob los qhia cov khoom siv caj ces los ntawm sab nraud mus rau sab hauv lub cev. Nws tsuas yog ua tau los ntawm kev xa khoom hu ua vector. Vector yog lub tsheb thauj khoom me me uas thauj cov khoom lag luam txawv teb chaws mus rau hauv lub hom phiaj ntawm tes. Muaj ob hom vectors ib txwm siv hauv kev kho noob. Lawv yog cov kab mob thiab tsis yog kab mob.
Dab tsi yog Viral Vectors?
Viral vectors yog cov cuab yeej molecular biology uas feem ntau siv los xa cov khoom genetic txawv teb chaws rau hauv cov hlwb. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm kev siv lub cev muaj sia (hauv vivo) lossis siv cov kab lis kev cai ntawm tes. Cov kab mob muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb molecular feem ntau xa lawv cov genomes rau hauv cov hlwb uas lawv kis tau. Kev hloov pauv yog cov txheej txheem uas cov kab mob siv los xa lawv cov khoom siv caj ces mus rau hauv cov hlwb. Cov kab mob kis kab mob hu ua cell transduced. Qhov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem tsim los ua ib qho cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev kho noob. Viral vector-based gene xa txoj kev yog thawj zaug siv hauv xyoo 1970 los ntawm American biochemist Paul Berg. Nws siv qhov hloov kho SV40 genome uas muaj DNA los ntawm cov kab mob bacteriophage λ los kis rau lub raum hlwb uas khaws cia hauv cov kab lis kev cai ntawm tes. Ntxiv rau molecular biology thiab kev kho noob caj noob ces, kab mob vectors kuj tau siv rau hauv kev tsim tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Daim duab 01: Viral Vector
Viral vectors yuav tsum muaj ntau yam khoom tseem ceeb txhawm rau ua raws li vectors. Lawv ib txwm yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, ruaj khov, hom tshwj xeeb ntawm tes, thiab pom tau yooj yim tom qab hloov pauv.
Type of Viral Vectors
Muaj ntau cov kab mob kis tau siv tam sim no rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Qee qhov piv txwv yog cov kab mob retroviral vector, lentiviral vector, adenoviral vector, adeno cuam tshuam tus kab mob vector, thiab cog kab mob vector (cov kab mob luam yeeb mosaic). Qee zaum, hybrid vectors kuj tau siv hauv kev tsim kho caj ces. Cov hybrid vectors yog cov kab mob vector uas tau tsim kho caj ces kom muaj qhov zoo ntawm ntau tshaj ib tus kab mob vector.
Dab tsi yog Nonviral Vectors?
Nonviral vectors yog lub tsheb xa cov noob uas yog cov khoom tsis muaj kab mob, cov lipid-raws li vectors, polymer-based vectors, thiab peptide-based vectors. Feem ntau, cov kab mob uas tsis yog kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev xa tawm ntau hom nucleic acids, suav nrog DNA me (oligodeoxynucleotides), DNA loj (plasmid DNA), thiab RNA (ribozymes, Si RNA, lossis mRNA). Muaj ntau txoj kev xa khoom tsis yog kab mob.
Daim duab 02: Nonviral Vector
Type of Nonviral Vectors
Inorganic hais suav nrog calcium phosphate, silica, thiab kub uas pab txhawb DNA txawv teb chaws xa mus rau cov hlwb. Lipid-raws li vectors uas xa cov DNA txawv teb chaws suav nrog cationic lipids, lipid nanoemulsions, khoom lipid nanoparticles. Hauv peptide-raws li vectors, cationic peptides nplua nuj nyob rau hauv residues xws li lysine thiab arginine txuas rau polyplex yog siv los xa cov DNA txawv teb chaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, polymer-raws li vectors yog cationic polymers tov nrog txawv teb chaws DNA. Polymer-based vectors muaj xws li polyethylene, chitosan, dendrimers, thiab polymethacrylate. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau cov kev sim plawv siv cov kab mob uas tsis yog kab mob ua ib hom kev hloov cov noob.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Viral thiab Nonviral Vectors?
- Viral thiab nonviral vectors yog ob hom vectors nquag siv hauv kev kho noob.
- Lawv yog cov cuab yeej ntawm molecular biology.
- Ob leeg ua lub tsheb xa khoom hauv kev hloov pauv DNA txawv teb chaws rau hauv hlwb.
- Lawv tau tsim cov noob caj noob ces xa cov DNA txawv teb chaws zoo.
Qhov txawv ntawm Viral thiab Nonviral Vectors yog dab tsi?
Viral vectors yog lub tsheb xa cov noob uas ua raws li xa cov khoom siv txawv teb chaws mus rau hauv lub cell los ntawm kev siv cov kab mob genome thaum cov kab mob tsis yog kab mob yog cov noob xa cov tsheb uas yog raws li xa cov khoom txawv teb chaws mus rau hauv lub cell los ntawm kev siv cov inorganic hais, lipid-raws li vectors, polymer-based vectors, thiab peptide-based vectors. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob tsis muaj kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob kab mob yog cov kab mob lom, thaum cov kab mob tsis yog kab mob yog cov tshuaj lom neeg.
Cov hauv qab no infographic nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob tsis yog kab mob hauv daim ntawv tabular rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Viral vs Nonviral Vectors
Vectors ua lub tsheb xa khoom xa khoom txawv teb chaws rau hauv cov hlwb kom zoo. Ob hom vectors tam sim no koom nrog hauv kev kho noob. Lawv yog cov kab mob thiab tsis muaj kab mob. Viral vectors yog ntau hom kab mob tsim los xa cov khoom genetic txawv teb chaws mus rau hauv lub cell los ntawm kev siv cov kab mob genome. Nonviral vectors yog cov tshuaj vectors xws li inorganic hais, lipid-raws li vectors, polymer-raws li vectors, thiab peptide-based vectors, thiab lwm yam, siv hauv kev kho noob los xa cov khoom txawv teb chaws rau hauv cov hlwb. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob tsis zoo.
