Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov Sib Txawv - Kev Sib Koom Tes ntawm Electrolytes vs Nonelectrolytes
Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog cov khoom siv lub cev ntawm kev daws teeb meem uas nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov kuab tshuaj tab sis tsis nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov nyiaj zoo sib xws ntawm cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom ntawm lub cev hauv cov khoom sib xws. Yog li ntawd, lub colligative zog nyob ntawm seb qhov sib piv ntawm tus nqi solute thiab hnyav npaum li cas. Peb qhov kev sib koom ua ke tseem ceeb yog vapor siab txo qis, nce qhov kub thiab txias taw tes kev nyuaj siab. Rau ib tug muab solute-solvent mass ratio, tag nrho cov colligative zog yog inversely proportional rau solute molar mass. Electrolytes yog cov khoom uas tuaj yeem tsim cov kev daws teeb meem uas muaj peev xwm ua hluav taws xob los ntawm cov tshuaj no. Cov kev daws teeb meem no hu ua electrolytic solutions. Nonelectrolytes yog cov khoom uas tsis muaj peev xwm tsim cov tshuaj electrolytic. Ob hom no (electrolytes thiab nonelectrolytes) muaj cov khoom sib txuas. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm colligative zog ntawm electrolytes thiab nonelectrolytes yog tias cov nyhuv ntawm electrolytes ntawm colligative zog yog siab heev piv rau cov nonelectrolytes.
Dab tsi yog Colligative Properties of Electrolytes?
Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog cov khoom siv lub cev ntawm cov tshuaj electrolytic uas nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus solutes tsis hais qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kuab tshuaj. Cov solutes tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem electrolytic yog atoms, molecules los yog ions tau poob los yog tau txais electrons los ua hluav taws xob conductive.
Thaum ib qho electrolyte yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj xws li dej, cov electrolyte cais mus rau hauv ions (los yog lwm hom kab hluav taws xob). Yog li ntawd, dissolving ib mole ntawm electrolyte ib txwm yields ob los yog ntau dua moles ntawm conductive hom. Yog li, cov khoom sib txuam ntawm cov electrolytes tau hloov pauv ntau thaum cov electrolyte yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj.
Piv txwv li, cov kab zauv dav dav siv los piav qhia qhov chaw khov thiab qhov kub kub hloov pauv yog raws li hauv qab no, ΔTb=Kbm and ΔTf=Kf m
ΔTb is qhov taw tes nce siab, thiab ΔTf yog qhov kev nyuaj siab khov kho. Kb thiab Kf yog qhov kub nce siab tas li thiab qhov chaw khov kho kev nyuaj siab tas li. m yog molarity ntawm cov tshuaj. Rau cov kev daws teeb meem electrolytic, cov kab zauv saum toj no tau hloov kho raws li hauv qab no,
ΔTb=iKbm thiab ΔTf=iKf m
"i" yog ib qho ion multiplier hu ua Van't Hoff yam. Qhov txiaj ntsig no yog sib npaug ntawm cov moles ntawm ions muab los ntawm electrolyte. Yog li, Van't Hoff yam tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm kev nrhiav cov ions tso tawm los ntawm electrolyte thaum nws yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Piv txwv li, tus nqi ntawm Van't Hoff yam rau NaCl yog 2 thiab hauv CaCl2, nws yog 3.
Daim duab 01: Daim duab qhia txog Tshuaj Muaj Peev Xwm tiv thaiv qhov kub thiab txias piav qhia txog Kev Nyuaj Siab Tshaj Lij thiab Boiling Point Elevation
Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig tau muab rau cov khoom sib koom ua ke no txawv ntawm qhov kev kwv yees kwv yees. Qhov ntawd yog vim tias muaj peev xwm muaj kev sib cuam tshuam thiab hnyav uas txo cov nyhuv ntawm ions ntawm cov khoom.
Cov kab zauv saum toj no tau hloov kho ntxiv los siv rau cov electrolytes tsis muaj zog. Cov electrolytes tsis muaj zog ib nrab dissociate rau hauv ions, li no ib co ntawm cov ions tsis cuam tshuam rau colligative zog. Lub degree ntawm dissociation (α) ntawm ib tug qaug zog electrolyte yuav xam raws li nram no, α={(i-1)/(n-1)} x 100
Ntawm no, n yog tus lej siab tshaj plaws ntawm ions tsim ib molecule ntawm cov tsis muaj zog electrolyte.
Dab tsi yog Colligative Properties of Nonelectrolytes?
Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm nonelectrolytes yog lub cev muaj zog ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem uas tsis yog electrolytic uas nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus solutes tsis hais qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kuab tshuaj. Non-electrolytes yog cov khoom uas tsis tsim cov kev daws teeb meem thaum yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Piv txwv li, qab zib yog ib qho tsis muaj electrolyte vim hais tias thaum qab zib yaj hauv dej, nws muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv molecular (tsis dissociate rau hauv ions). Cov piam thaj molecules no tsis muaj peev xwm ua hluav taws xob los ntawm kev daws teeb meem.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj uas tsis yog electrolytic tsawg dua piv rau cov tshuaj electrolytic. Yog li ntawd, cov nyhuv ntawm nonelectrolytes ntawm colligative zog kuj tsawg heev. Piv txwv li, qib ntawm vapor siab txo qis los ntawm kev ntxiv NaCl yog siab dua piv rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov suab thaj rau cov tshuaj zoo sib xws.
Qhov txawv ntawm Colligative Properties ntawm Electrolytes thiab Nonelectrolytes yog dab tsi?
Coligative Properties of Electrolytes vs Nonelectrolytes |
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| Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog cov khoom siv lub cev ntawm cov tshuaj electrolytic uas nyob ntawm seb cov kuab tshuaj npaum li cas tsis hais qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kuab tshuaj. | Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tsis muaj hluav taws xob yog cov khoom siv lub cev ntawm cov tshuaj uas tsis yog electrolytic uas nyob ntawm seb tus nqi ntawm cov kuab tshuaj tsis hais qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kuab tshuaj. |
| Electrolytes muab ntau cov kuab tshuaj rau kev daws ntawm kev sib cais; Yog li ntawd, cov khoom sib koom ua ke tau hloov pauv ntau. | Nonelectrolytes muab cov kuab tshuaj tsawg rau cov tshuaj vim tsis muaj kev sib cais; yog li ntawd, cov khoom sib tsoo tsis tau hloov pauv ntau. |
| Txoj kev sib koom ua ke | |
| Cov nyhuv ntawm electrolytes ntawm colligative zog yog siab heev piv rau cov nonelectrolytes. | Cov nyhuv ntawm cov tsis muaj electrolytes ntawm cov khoom sib tsoo yog tsawg heev piv rau cov electrolytes. |
Summary – Colligative Properties of Electrolytes vs Nonelectrolytes
Cov khoom sib koom ua ke yog lub cev ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem uas tsis nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kuab tshuaj tab sis tus nqi ntawm cov kua. Qhov sib txawv ntawm colligative zog ntawm electrolytes thiab nonelectrolytes yog tias cov nyhuv ntawm electrolytes ntawm colligative zog yog siab heev piv rau nonelectrolytes.
