Qhov txawv ntawm leaching thiab rho tawm tuaj yeem piav qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tshuaj siv hauv ob txoj haujlwm no. Ob qho tib si leaching thiab extraction yog hais txog kev sib cais ntawm ib lossis ob peb lub tebchaw los ntawm kev sib xyaw uas lawv muaj nyob rau hauv thaum chiv keeb. Thaum cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke, hauv ib theem tshuaj, raug cais tawm mus rau lwm qhov, nws raug xa mus rau kev rho tawm.
Leaching yog dab tsi?
Leaching yog txheej txheem los cais cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw los ntawm kev coj cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov kua hnyav uas cov khoom no yog soluble. Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj leaching. Lawv yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, cov kuab tshuaj, thiab cov kuab tshuaj. Thaum cov kua los yog kuab tshuaj yog siv los yog coj mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom sib xyaw, cov khoom uas yog soluble hauv cov kuab tshuaj pib yaj thaum lwm cov khoom tseem nyob hauv slurry. Cov Cheebtsam uas yaj yog hu ua 'solutes.' Yog li ntawd, thaum siv cov kuab tshuaj ntau dhau, cov kuab tshuaj tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev sib xyaw thawj zaug. Txawm hais tias nws yuav tsum tsuas yog rau cov kuab tshuaj kom muaj nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj, nws tsuas yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo tagnrho. Yog li ntawd, cov kuab tshuaj feem ntau muaj lwm yam impurities los ntawm slurry. Leaching yog ib hom 'khoom-kua' extraction.
Txoj kev no feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam thaum cov khoom siv sib cais los ntawm cov khoom sib tov. Qee qhov piv txwv muaj xws li kev sib cais ntawm cov suab thaj los ntawm qab zib beet nrog dej kub, sib cais ntawm cov hlau los ntawm cov hlau ore siv cov kua qaub, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, nws yog los ntawm leaching uas hnyav hlau thiab lwm yam av paug nkag mus rau hauv av txoj kev.
Iron leaching
Dab tsi yog Extraction?
Kev rho tawm kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev los cais cov khoom sib xyaw los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, tab sis ntawm no, cov tebchaw hauv ib theem tshuaj raug cais tawm mus rau lwm theem. Feem ntau, kev rho tawm yuav siv qhov chaw ntawm ob qho tib si immiscible solvents, uas yog lub npe hu ua 'solvent-solvent' extraction. Ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem sib cais rau hauv cov khoom ntawm ob qho tib si immiscible cov kuab tshuaj nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau yam khoom siv rau txhua qhov hnyav siv. Qhov affinity tau hais los saum toj no feem ntau yog vim qhov polarity ntawm cov tebchaw thiab cov kuab tshuaj sib thooj. Qee cov kuab tshuaj siv tau yog dej: ethyl acetate, dej: methylene chloride, dej / methanol sib tov: methylene chloride, dej / methanol sib tov: ethyl acetate, thiab lwm yam.
Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev sim tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj cov organic tebchaw tsim los lossis uas, ua ib feem ntawm kev sib xyaw, yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm. Yog li ntawd, extraction rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic yog ua. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev rho tawm ntawm ib qho kev sib txuas hauv ib theem mus rau lwm theem yog tswj hwm los ntawm "Partition Theory." Thaum ib lub tebchaw los yog ob peb lub tebchaw tau muab cais tawm ntawm lawv thawj zaug sib tov rau hauv qhov hnyav thib ob, cov tebchaw tuaj yeem raug cais tawm los ntawm evaporation ntawm cov kuab tshuaj ntau dhau. Ib qho cuab yeej hu ua 'rotary evaporator' yog siv rau lub hom phiaj no.
Tseem muaj lwm hom kev rho tawm xws li cov txheej txheem rho tawm. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv niaj hnub no suav nrog kev tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide tseem ceeb heev, kev rho tawm ultrasonic, microwave-pab extraction, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Leaching thiab Extraction yog dab tsi?
Definition of Leaching and Extraction:
• Leaching yog txheej txheem uas cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom sib tov sib cais los ntawm kev sib cais hauv cov kuab tshuaj haum.
• Hauv kev rho tawm, ib qho chaw muab cais tawm ntawm ib theem tshuaj mus rau lwm qhov vim qhov sib txawv polarity.
Txoj Cai Tshuaj:
• Leaching tshwm sim los ntawm qhov concentration gradient rau cov khoom soluble.
• Extraction yog tswj hwm los ntawm kev faib txoj kev xav.
Daim ntawv thov:
• Leaching, uas yooj yim dua hauv txoj hauv kev, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam.
• Extraction feem ntau yog siv hauv chav kuaj.
