Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Ion Dipole vs Dipole Dipole Forces
Intermolecular rog yog lub zog attraction muaj nyob ntawm cov molecules sib txawv. Ion-dipole rog thiab dipole-dipole rog yog ob hom ntawm cov rog intermolecular. Qee qhov piv txwv rau cov rog intermolecular muaj xws li ion-induced dipole rog, hydrogen bonds, thiab Van der Waal rog. Cov rog no yog electrostatic attractions vim hais tias cov molecules yog attracted raws li lawv cov nqi hluav taws xob. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ion-dipole thiab dipole-dipole rog yog ion-dipole rog muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm hom ionic thiab polar molecules whereas dipole-dipole rog muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm polar molecules.
Ion Dipole Forces yog dab tsi?
Ion-dipole rog yog qhov kev nyiam ntawm ionic hom thiab polar molecules. Cov hom ionic tuaj yeem yog anion (ib hom tsis zoo) lossis cation (hom zoo them nyiaj). A polar molecule yog txhua yam molecule uas muaj ib qho hluav taws xob tas mus li sib cais nyob rau hauv lub molecule vim qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov atoms nyob rau hauv cov molecule. Electronegativity yog lub peev xwm los nyiam cov electrons. Thaum lub atom muaj lub siab electronegativity yog sib koom ua ke rau ib lub atom uas tsis tshua muaj electronegativity, daim ntawv cog lus electrons yog attracted los ntawm lub atom muaj lub siab electronegativity (tom qab ntawd nws tau txais ib feem tsis zoo nqi), muab qhov tsawg electronegative atom ib feem zoo nqi. Lub xeev ntawm kev sib cais no yog hu ua polarization thiab cov molecule hu ua polar molecule.
Ion-dipole rog muaj zog dua li dipole-dipole rog. Qhov no yog vim hais tias hom kev quab yuam no cuam tshuam nrog ionic hom uas muaj hluav taws xob ntau dua piv rau cov polar molecule. Lub zog ion-dipole tseem muaj zog dua li hydrogen bonding. Qhov kev cuam tshuam no tshwm sim vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm electrostatic ntawm ion thiab dipole.
Daim duab 01: Dej ntawm Hlau Ions tshwm sim vim qhov kev nyiam ntawm Hlau Ion thiab Dej Molecules (dipole)
Ib pawg ntawm ion-dipole rog yog ion-induced dipole rog uas koom nrog cov tsis muaj polar molecule es tsis txhob ntawm polar molecule. Ib tug nonpolar molecule tsis muaj dipole (tsis muaj nqi sib cais). Tus nqi ntawm ion ua rau cov molecule nonpolar tau polarized los ntawm distorting lub electron huab ntawm lub nonpolar molecule.
Dab tsi yog Dipole Dipole Forces?
Dipole-dipole rog yog cov rog sib txuas uas tshwm sim ntawm cov polar molecules. Cov no yog electrostatic zog. Thaum tsim hom kev quab yuam no, cov polar molecules zoo li yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov kev nyiam ntawm cov molecules yog maximized los ntawm kev txo lub peev xwm zog. Qhov kev sib raug zoo no kuj txo cov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov molecules.
Daim duab 02: Txaus siab rau lub zog ntawm Polar HCl Molecules
Thaum muaj cov sib txuas nrog cov molar zoo sib xws (uas muaj dipole-dipole kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov molecules) lub zog ntawm dipole-dipole rog nce ntxiv thaum polarity nce. Qhov no tshwm sim vim hais tias thaum lub polarity siab, nws txhais tau hais tias tus nqi sib cais yog siab. Thaum cov molecule muaj kev sib cais siab (siab them zoo thiab tsis zoo terminals nyob rau hauv tib lub molecule), nws nyiam nyiam cov nqi sib txawv. Qhov no kuj ua rau kom nce qhov kub ntawm cov tebchaw. Ntau dua lub zog dipole-dipole, ntau dua qhov kub hnyiab.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Ion Dipole thiab Dipole Dipole Forces?
- Ob Ion Dipole thiab Dipole Dipole Forces yog hom kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam
- Ob Ion Dipole thiab Dipole Dipole Force yog electrostatic rog
Qhov txawv ntawm Ion Dipole thiab Dipole Dipole Forces yog dab tsi?
Ion Dipole vs Dipole Dipole Forces |
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| Ion dipole rog yog cov rog txaus nyiam ntawm hom ionic thiab polar molecules. | Dipole-dipole rog yog cov rog sib txuas uas tshwm sim ntawm cov polar molecules. |
| Lub zog | |
| Ion-dipole rog muaj zog dua li hydrogen bonds thiab dipole-dipole rog. | Dipole-dipole rog tsis muaj zog dua li hydrogen bonds thiab ion-dipole rog. |
| Ion-dipole rog tshwm sim ntawm ions (cations lossis anions) thiab polar molecules. | Dipole-dipole rog tshwm sim ntawm polar molecules. |
Summary – Ion Dipole vs Dipole Dipole Forces
Ion-dipole rog thiab dipole-dipole rog yog cov rog sib txuas uas muaj nyob ntawm ntau hom tshuaj xws li cations, anions, thiab polar molecules. Polar molecules yog covalent compounds muaj dipoles (hluav taws xob sib cais). Ib tug polar molecule muaj ib tug zoo them nqi davhlau ya nyob twg thiab ib tug tsis zoo nqi davhlau ya nyob twg nyob rau hauv tib lub molecule. Yog li ntawd, cov terminals no tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom siv electrostatic nrog cov nqi sib txawv. Qhov txawv ntawm ion-dipole thiab dipole-dipole rog yog tias ion-dipole rog muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm hom ionic thiab polar molecules whereas dipole-dipole rog muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm polar molecules.
