Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Homocyclic vs Heterocyclic Compounds
Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj txiaj ntsig tau muab faib ua ob ntu raws li lawv cov txheej txheem carbon, uas yog cov sib txuas qhib, thiab kaw cov saw lossis cov sib txuas sib txuas. Qhib saw txuas ntxiv tau muab faib ua ob pawg; unbranched saw thiab branched chain compounds. Kaw saw lossis cyclic compounds kuj raug faib ua ob pawg; Homocyclic thiab heterocyclic compounds. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm homocyclic compounds thiab heterocyclic compounds yog nyob rau hauv homocyclic compounds, lub nplhaib ntawm homocyclic compounds yog tsim los ntawm carbon atoms nkaus xwb, whereas ntawm heterocyclic compounds yog tsim los ntawm ntau tshaj ib hom atoms. Kab lus no piav qhia ntau ntxiv txog qhov sib txawv ntawm homocyclic thiab heterocyclic compounds.
Homocyclic Compounds yog dab tsi?
Homocyclic compounds tseem hu ua carbocyclic compounds lossis isocyclic compounds raws li lawv cov nplhaib yog tsim nrog tsuas yog ib hom atoms, feem ntau yog carbon. Homocyclic compounds tuaj yeem raug cais ntxiv rau hauv alicyclic compounds thiab arenas lossis aromatic compounds. Alicyclic compounds yog cov tebchaw uas coj zoo li aliphatic compounds, yog li lub npe alicyclic. Alicyclic compounds tuaj yeem saturated lossis unsaturated. Piv txwv ntawm alicyclic compounds muaj xws li cyclopropane thiab cyclohexane.
Daim duab 01: Cyclopropenylidene
Aromatic compounds muaj cov qauv cyclic nrog ob thiab ib daim ntawv cog lus sib hloov. Benzene yog cov tshuaj tsw qab uas yooj yim tshaj plaws nrog cov qauv ntawm C6H6 thiab nws muaj peb daim ntawv cog lus thiab ob npaug. Vim tias muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus, cov tshuaj tsw qab yog suav tias yog cov tsis muaj dej tsis txaus hydrocarbons, txawm tias cov tebchaw no tsis tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv, tsis zoo li cov kab uas tsis muaj dej tsis txaus. Lub npe aromatic tau muab rau cov tebchaw no vim tias feem ntau ntawm cov tebchaw no muaj qhov tsw qab ntxiag (aroma yog lo lus Greek rau tsw qab ntxiag). Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab muaj xws li phenol, toluene, naphthalene, thiab anthracene.
Heterocyclic Compounds yog dab tsi?
Heterocyclic compounds yog cov sib txuas sib txuas uas cov nplhaib muaj tsawg kawg yog ob hom atoms (xws li carbon atom). Cov atoms uas tsis yog carbon atoms tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib yog hu ua heteroatoms. Feem ntau, cov nplhaib ntawm cov tebchaw no muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau dua. Feem ntau cov heteroatoms tam sim no nyob rau hauv heterocyclic tebchaw muaj xws li nitrogen, sulfur, thiab oxygen.
Heterocyclic compounds tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntxhiab lossis aliphatic. Lub nplhaib ntawm heterocyclic compounds yuav raug fused lossis txuas nrog lwm lub nplhaib heterocyclic lossis homocyclic nplhaib. Ib tug ntau ntawm natural compounds thiab tshuaj muaj xws li heterocyclic compounds, uas yog vitamin B pawg (thiamine, riboflavin, thiab lwm yam), tshuaj tua kab mob (penicillin, griseofulvin, thiab lwm yam), steroids (cardiac glycosides), amino acids (tryptophan, histidine thiab lwm yam).), thiab alkaloids (reserpine, pilocarpine thiab lwm yam).
Daim duab 2: Heterocyclic Compounds - Thiamine
Heterocyclic compound tej zaum yuav yog aliphatic lossis aromatic nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Raws li qhov ntawd, cov tshuaj heterocyclic tau muab faib ua ob pawg; (a) alicyclic heterocyclic tebchaw uas zoo ib yam li cov khoom ntawm ib txwm aliphatic tebchaw, thiab (b) aromatic heterocyclic tebchaw uas zoo li cov khoom ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov aromatic compounds nrog rau benzene. Piv txwv rau alicyclic heterocyclic compounds yog tetrahydrofuran thiab piperidine. Piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab heterocyclic muaj xws li pyridine, furan, thiab pyrrole.
Qhov txawv ntawm Homocyclic thiab Heterocyclic Compounds yog dab tsi?
Homocyclic vs Heterocyclic Compounds |
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| Homocyclic Compound nplhaib tsuas muaj ib hom atom xwb. | Heterocyclic Compound nplhaib muaj tsawg kawg ob hom atoms suav nrog carbon. |
| Atomic Composition of the Nplhaib | |
| Homocyclic Compounds muaj 100% carbon atoms hauv lawv lub nplhaib. | Heterocyclic Compounds muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau thiab, ntxiv rau, heteroatoms xws li nitrogen, oxygen, thiab sulfur muaj nyob hauv lawv lub nplhaib. |
| Alicyclic homocyclic thiab Aromatic homocyclic | Alicyclic heterocyclic thiab Aromatic heterocyclic |
| Piv txwv | |
| Phenol, Toluene, Naphthalene, thiab Anthracene | Tetrahydrofuran, Piperidine, Pyridine, Furan, thiab Pyrrole |
Summary – Homocyclic vs Heterocyclic Compounds
Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub nplhaib qauv, cyclic organic tebchaw yog cais raws li homocyclic compounds, uas lub nplhaib tsuas muaj ib hom atom, thiab heterocyclic compounds, uas lub nplhaib muaj tsawg kawg yog ob hom sib txawv. ntawm atoms suav nrog carbon. Hauv cov tebchaw heterocyclic, cov pa roj carbon atom ua rau feem loj ntawm lub nplhaib, thaum tus so yog tsim los ntawm heteroatoms, uas feem ntau suav nrog nitrogen, oxygen, thiab sulfur. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm homocyclic compounds thiab heterocyclic compounds.
Download the PDF Version of Homocyclic vs Heterocyclic Compounds
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li daim ntawv ceeb toom. Thov download PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv Ntawm Homocyclic thiab Heterocyclic Compounds
