Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Autophagy vs Apoptosis
Cell tuag yog ib qho tshwm sim tshwm sim hauv txhua lub hlwb. Nws yog ib hom kev tiv thaiv mechanism thiab kho los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Kev tuag ntawm tes tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ob hom sib txawv: programmed cell tuag lossis cell tuag uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo xws li hluav taws xob, cov kab mob sib kis lossis cov tshuaj sib txawv. Programmed cell tuag yog ib tug tshwm sim raug mob ntawm cellular Cheebtsam xws li cellular organelles, cellular proteins, thiab lwm yam cellular biomolecules. Qhov no yog ib txoj kev irreversible. Cov hlwb plam nws cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo raws li qhov programmed cell tuag thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov qab tau. Autophagy thiab Apoptosis yog ob txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tuag ntawm tes. Ob qho txheej txheem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob thiab ib txwm muaj physiology. Autophagy yog txoj kev tuag ntawm tes los ntawm lysosomes, uas hu ua lysosomal degradation. Apoptosis yog qhov programmed cell tuag uas tshwm sim thaum lub hlwb tua tus kheej los ntawm kev ua kom muaj qhov kev pab cuam intracellular tuag. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm autophagy thiab apoptosis.
Autophagy yog dab tsi?
Autophagy yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm catabolic thaum lub sij hawm lub hlwb degrade lub dysfunctional thiab tsis tsim nyog cellular Cheebtsam los ntawm ib tug lysosome-mediated kev txiav txim. Thaum lub sij hawm autophagy, cov organelles yuav degraded yog surrounded los ntawm ob daim nyias nyias, tsim ib tug qauv hu ua autophagosome. Lub autophagosome ces fuses nrog lysosomes hauv cytoplasm thiab tsim cov autolysosome. Tom qab ntawd cov degraded organelles daig hauv autolysosome yog degraded los ntawm kev ua ntawm lysosomal hydrolases. Hom autophagy no hu ua macrophagy.
Muaj ob hom autophagy: micro-autophagy, thiab chaperone-mediated autophagy. Hauv micro-autophagy, autophagosome tsis tsim. Hloov chaw, autolysosome yog tsim ncaj qha. Hauv chaperone-mediated autophagy, tsom cov proteins raug rau degradation ntawm chaperone proteins. Nov yog ib hom autophagy.
Daim duab 01: Autophagy
Autophagy yog tswj hwm los ntawm txoj kev taw qhia kev sib kho los ntawm tyrosine kinase thiab feem ntau yog tsav los ntawm cov khoom noj tsis txaus thiab hypoxia.
Autophagy tau kawm ntau tam sim no vim nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub cev nqaij daim tawv ntawm mob qog noj ntshav, kab mob plawv, thiab kab mob autoimmune.
Apoptosis yog dab tsi?
Apoptosis yog programmed cell tuag. Ib lub cell ua rau apoptosis tsis ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lwm lub hlwb lossis lwm yam ntawm tes. Thaum lub sij hawm apoptosis, lub cell pib ntsws thiab condense uas yog ua raws li los ntawm degeneration ntawm cytoskeleton. Qhov no ua rau lub cev disassembly ntawm cov nucleus thiab cov DNA ntawm nuclear degraded thaum raug. Hauv feem ntau txoj hauv kev apoptotic, cell membrane raug rhuav tshem thiab cov cell ua tawg. Tom qab ntawd phagocytic hlwb xws li macrophages txheeb xyuas cov khoom tawg ntawm tes thiab tshem tawm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg.
Daim duab 02: Apoptosis
Lub tshuab apoptotic intracellular yog kho los ntawm kev sib txuam ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv protein. Qhov no apoptotic mechanism yog nyob ntawm ib tsev neeg tshwj xeeb ntawm proteases, enzymes uas degrade proteins. Cov proteins no hu ua Caspases. Caspases muaj cov yam ntxwv cysteine amino acid ntawm lawv qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Caspases kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv cleavage site uas muaj cov amino acid, aspartate. Procaspases yog cov precursors ntawm caspases, thiab cov procaspases yog qhib los ntawm lub cleavage ntawm aspartate sites. Activated caspases tuaj yeem cleave thiab degrade lwm cov proteins hauv cytoplasm thiab hauv cov nucleus, ua rau cellular apoptosis. Muaj ob yam tseem ceeb ntawm apoptotic Caspases: pib caspases thiab effector caspases. Initiator caspases tau koom nrog hauv kev pib qhov cascade ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Effector Caspases koom nrog hauv kev tshem tawm ntawm tes thiab ua tiav txoj hauv kev apoptotic.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Autophagy thiab Apoptosis?
- Ob qho tib si ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes tuag.
- Ob leeg yog ntuj tsim.
- Ob txheej txheem tsis ua kev puas tsuaj rau lwm cov cell lossis cellular Cheebtsam.
- ob leeg yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob thiab lub cev ib txwm muaj.
- Ob leeg tseem ceeb hauv kev nkag siab lub hauv paus ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv xws li mob qog noj ntshav thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntsig txog kab mob.
Qhov txawv ntawm Autophagy thiab Apoptosis yog dab tsi?
Autophagy vs Apoptosis |
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| Autophagy yog txheej txheem tuag ntawm tes kho los ntawm lysosomes. | Apoptosis yog programmed cell tuag kho los ntawm proteases hu ua Caspases. |
| subtypes | |
| Macrophagy, Microphagy, thiab Chaperon mediated autophagy yog hom autophagy. | Apoptosis tsis muaj subtypes. |
| Action | |
| Kev mob ntshav qab zib tshwm sim ntawm lysosome degradation los ntawm lysosomal hydrolases. | Apoptosis tshwm sim los ntawm cov proteases hu ua Caspases uas suav nrog tus pib Caspases, thiab effector Caspases degrade cov proteins. |
| Special Features | |
| Cov txheej txheem Autophagy tsim autophagosome, autolysome lossis chaperone bound complexes thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem. | Cov hlwb pib condense thiab shrinkage raws li kev puas tsuaj uas yog catalyzed los ntawm Caspases nyob rau hauv apoptosis. |
| Regulation | |
| Txoj cai ntawm autophagy tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev taw qhia kev sib kho los ntawm tyrosine kinase. | Ntau cov proteins sib txawv tau koom nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm apoptosis. |
Summary – Autophagy vs Apoptosis
Muaj ntau qhov kev sib tw hauv kev nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem hauv qab ntawm ob qho tib si autophagy thiab apoptosis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov txheej txheem tswj hwm. Autophagy koom nrog hauv lysosomal degradation, whereas apoptosis yog programmed cell tuag mediated los ntawm proteases. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm autophagy thiab apoptosis. Ob leeg koom nrog hauv kev tuag ntawm tes thiab tiv thaiv lwm lub hlwb thiab lub cev los ntawm oxidative kev nyuaj siab los ntawm cov hlwb puas.
Download PDF Version of Autophagy vs Apoptosis
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li daim ntawv ceeb toom. Thov download PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv Ntawm Autophagy thiab Apoptosis
