Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Genome vs Exome
Txoj Haujlwm Tib Neeg Genome, uas tau pib xyoo 1911, yog qhov hloov pauv hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov noob caj noob ces niaj hnub uas ua rau muaj ntau yam kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas txog kev kuaj caj ces thiab kev kho noob. Human Genome Project yog US raws li kev tshawb fawb kev sib koom tes uas nws lub hom phiaj yog ua tiav daim ntawv qhia thiab kev nkag siab ntawm tag nrho cov noob ntawm tib neeg. Raws li txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb no, cov ntsiab lus Genome, Intron thiab Exon tau tsim. genome yog tag nrho cov noob caj noob ces nyob rau hauv ib yam kab mob uas suav nrog tag nrho cov noob tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov kab mob tshwj xeeb, whereas Exome yog tag nrho cov exons tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug kab mob uas suav rau tag nrho cov coding cheeb tsam ntawm cov noob tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib hom tsiaj. Nov yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm genome thiab exome.
Genome yog dab tsi?
Genome yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm caj ces uas tau khaws cia ua cov noob lossis cov kab ke tshwj xeeb ntawm Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) hauv cov kab mob tshwj xeeb lossis hom. Txhua lub genome muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv xav tau rau kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib lub cev. Lub genome yog tsim los ntawm DNA uas yog nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm eukaryotes thiab nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm prokaryotes.
Cov kab mob caj ces hauv tib neeg genome yog tsim los ntawm 3.2 billion bases DNA uas yog tsim los ntawm plaub hom nucleotides: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, thiab Thymine. Cov kev txiav txim sib txawv ntawm plaub lub hauv paus no txhais qhov txawv ntawm ib qho gene. Lub eukaryotic genome muaj xws li nuclear DNA thiab mitochondrial DNA. Yog li, qhov kev sib xyaw tshwj xeeb no txawv ntawm kab mob mus rau kab mob, thiab tus neeg lub genome yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv qhov xwm txheej thiab tuaj yeem ua tus ntiv tes rau kev kuaj mob.
Daim duab 01: Txoj Haujlwm Tib Neeg Genome
Thawj genome uas tau ua raws thiab txheeb xyuas yog Escherichia coli; Tom qab ntawd, cov poov xab, protozoans, thiab cog genomes tau txheeb xyuas. Qhov kev sib txuas ntawm tib neeg genome tau siv ob peb xyoos rau nws ua tiav. Tib neeg genome muaj kwv yees li 3 200 000 000 nucleotides, txog 30, 000 mus rau 40, 000 cov noob uas yog coding thiab non-coding genes, thiab yog compactly ntim rau hauv 23 khub ntawm chromosomes uas nqa cov ntim DNA uas ua raws li cov caj ces determinants. Cov noob ntim no yog los ntawm cov txheej txheem nruj ntawm DNA helical cov qauv thiab cov protein txuam nrog txoj kev tsim uas txo qhov ntev uas yog nyob hauv DNA hauv nws cov theem tsis sib haum.
Exome yog dab tsi?
Exome yog ib pawg ntawm cov genome uas tsuas yog muaj cov coding cheeb tsam ntawm cov noob ntawm ib yam kabmob. Coding thaj tsam ntawm cov noob yog lub npe hu ua exons, thiab lawv yog ib hom noob uas tau hloov mus rau hauv mRNA thiab tom qab ntawd muab txhais ua cov amino acid sequences, ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm thiab cov qauv protein. Thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv hloov pauv hauv eukaryotes, cov introns uas tsis yog-coding cheeb tsam raug tshem tawm, thiab cov exons tau koom nrog. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua RNA splicing. Hauv prokaryotes tsis muaj lossis tsawg dua introns; Yog li, RNA splicing tsis tas yuav tsum tau. Yog li, txhawm rau tsim kom muaj qhov exome ntawm ib yam kab mob tshwj xeeb, cov RNA paub tab yuav tsum tau muab rho tawm, thiab tom qab ntawd cov DNA ntxiv yuav tsum tau muab coj los ua ke siv cov enzyme reverse transcriptase.
Daim duab 02: Exome
Cov exons ntawm tag nrho peb cov noob pleev kwv yees li 1.5% ntawm cov genome thiab tsuas muaj txog 3 megabases txij li cov exome tso nyiaj rau ib feem me me ntawm tag nrho cov genome. Nws yog pheej yig dua thiab nrawm dua los ua kom tiav cov exome dua li tag nrho genome. Kev tshuaj xyuas Exome muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, thiab kev hloov pauv tau pom hauv exome yog ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev kho mob tshwm sim.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Genome thiab Exome?
- Genome thiab exome yog tsim los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov noob hauv ib lub cev.
- Ob leeg muaj plaub lub ntsiab nucleotide hauv paus; Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, thiab Thymine.
- Genome thiab exome yog condensed rau hauv chromosomes thiab yog teem nyob rau hauv ib tug heev compact zam.
- Kev sib luag ntawm ob qho tib si genome thiab exome tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv vitro.
- Genome thiab exome pab tau rau hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic mutations uas tuaj yeem yog vim li cas rau cov kab mob caj ces thiab lwm yam kab mob tsis sib kis thiab metabolic imbalances.
Qhov txawv ntawm Genome thiab Exome yog dab tsi?
Genome vs Exome |
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| Txoj kev ua tiav ntawm cov lus qhia caj ces uas tau khaws cia ua cov noob lossis cov kab ke ntawm DNA hauv ib hom kab mob lossis hom hu ua genome. | Ib pawg ntawm cov genome uas tsuas yog muaj cov coding noob ntawm ib yam kabmob hu ua exome. |
| Lub genome loj, txog 3 200 000 000 nucleotides. | Tus exome yog me me, txog 3 000 000 nucleotides (1% ntawm genome). |
| Genome yog tsim los ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus DNA suav nrog ob qho tib si coding thiab tsis-coding cheeb tsam. | Exome tsuas muaj cov cheeb tsam coding ntawm tag nrho DNA hu ua exons. |
| Cov kev yooj yim xws li Sanger sequencing tuaj yeem siv los ua ke ntawm genome. | Cov txheej txheem nyuaj uas suav nrog kev thim rov qab ntawm mRNA paub tab yuav tsum tau ua raws li exome. |
Summary – Genome vs Exome
Genome yog tag nrho cov DNA tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub cev. Exome yog ib feem ntawm genome uas suav nrog tsuas yog exons ntawm tag nrho cov noob caj noob ces. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm genome thiab exome. Ob qho tib si genome thiab exome tsom xam yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej thiab tau siv ntau hauv cov thev naus laus zis DNA los txheeb xyuas cov noob tam sim no hauv lub cev thiab txhim kho txoj hauv kev los tswj cov noob txhawm rau txhawm rau siv tau txiaj ntsig.
Download PDF Version of Genome vs Exome
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li daim ntawv ceeb toom. Thov download PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv Ntawm Genome thiab Exome
